Term
| Enzyme-linked immnosorbent assay (ELISA) used for? |
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Definition
| used to detect an antigen or antibody. 3 types indirect, sandwich, competitive |
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Term
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Definition
| detects antibody against antigen. 1) well coated with antigen 2) add patient sample, AB to bind antigen 3) Add 2 antibody that recog. Fc of primary antobody 4) add substrate for enzyme and look for color change |
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Term
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Definition
| detects particular antigen. 1) plastic well coated with antibody 2) add patient sample, AG binds AB 3) Add secondary ab that recog. different epitope of antiben 4) add substrate for enzyme--look for color change |
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Term
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Definition
| detects unbound antibody. 1) pour all of bound and unbound into well 2) well coated with AG 3) add secondary ab recog. RC of primary antibody. |
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Term
| Which Elisa is best to use for looking at vaccination history? |
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Definition
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Term
| which elisa is best to look at t cell devo in digeorge? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is flow cytometry used for? |
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Definition
| to determine whether particular cell surface molecules are expressed on single cells |
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Term
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Definition
Cells are labeled with fluorescently
tagged antibodies against particular cell surface markers
(different cell surface markers can be labeled with different
colors); as each cell passes through the flow cytometer, it
measures the fluorescence intensity emitted from the cell |
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Term
| MHC tetramers. what is it used for? |
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Definition
| to determine the number of antigen spef. T-cells |
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Term
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Definition
| Recombinant MHC presenting a particular peptide are covalently bound to biotin and tetramerized by fluorescently labeled streptavidin (one streptavidin molecule binds four biotin molecules); the tetramer will label T cells with TCRs that recognize the MHC-peptide complex |
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Term
| What is immunofluorescence used for? |
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Definition
| To visualize the distribution of particular molecules inside cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| antibodies against an antigen of interest labeled with a fluroscent dye are incuabed with tissue sections; a flur. microscope is then used to look at the labeled tissue sections |
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Term
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Definition
| mechanisms to control potentially autoreactive lymphocytes in their organ of development--ie. receptor editing and (if necessary) clonal deletion when a nascent B-cell interacts with self-antigen |
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Term
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Definition
| mechanisms to control potentially autoreactive lymphocytes in the periphery. Especially important for B cells since somatic hypermutation generates B-cells with altered specificity outside the bond marrow (potential source of autoantibodies) |
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Term
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Definition
| TSH receptor on surface of thyroid is antigen (antibodies activate the receptor) a type II. Clincal signs: hyperthyrodism (anxiety/irritability, tachycardia, exophthlamos, heat sensitivy, weight loss) |
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Term
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Definition
| Antigen: acetylcholine receptor (antibodies block the receptor). Type II. Clin signs. muscle weakness, progressively worse with use |
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Term
| Systemic Lupus Erythematosus |
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Definition
| antigen: multiple, mostly intranuclear: nucleoprotein, histones ss and ds DNA, and ribonucleproteins. TYPE III. Clin signs: skin (malar rash), scaly patches on skin, alopecia. Joint: pain, lupus arthritis, Renal: neprhriis, Hematologic: anemias |
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Term
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Definition
| autoantigen/autoantibody complexes activated Fc receptors, triggering cytokine release and generalized inflamm. response |
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Term
| how are type II and type III autoimmunity similar? |
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Definition
| Both result from antibodies directed against self (auto-antibodies) |
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Term
| how are type II and type III autoimmunity dissimilar? |
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Definition
| Type II autoimmune reactions involve antibodies directed against fixed antigens, e.g. cell surface proteins/receptors. These antigens can either activate (Grave's) or inhibit (Myasthenia Gravis) surface protein function. In type III autoimmune reactions, autoantibody/autoantigen immune complexes from and can deposit in a variety of tissues in the body and activate non-specific inflammatory mechanisms (eg SLE) |
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Term
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Definition
| certain subtypes found in ~90% of RA patients; may confer sucscept. |
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Term
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Definition
| pathogenic antigen with structural similarity to host antigen that elicits a cross-reactive immune response, resulting in autoimmunity (Reiter's syndrome and Guillain-Barre syndrome) |
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Term
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Definition
| persistent inflammatory states can lower the antigen presentation threshold and lead to a widening of immune response specf. |
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Term
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Definition
| monoclonal antibody therapy that binds to TNF-alpha and prevents it from binding its receptor (TNF-alpha is an important cytokine in the initiation and maintenance of the immune response); it is used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, ulcerative colitis and other autoimmune disorders |
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Term
| PD (programmed death) molecules |
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Definition
| PD-1/2 receptors expressed on T cells interact with ligands expressed on parenchymal tissue; this interaction prevents autoimmune recog. by inducing T-cell apoptosis |
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Term
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Definition
| CD25 regulatory T ells act through APCs to inhibit expression of co-stimulatory molecules; Tregs also produce IL-10 and TGF-beta, which down-regulate/inhibit the immune response |
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Term
| MS is an inflammatory, dymyelinating disease charc. by distinct episodes of neurlogic deficit separated in....., due to CNS white matter lesions separated in.... |
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Definition
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Term
| MS and adhesion molecules (VCAM, alpha4beta1) |
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Definition
| within postcapillary venule, adhesion molecules bind mononuclear cells (T cells, B cells, macrophages) at the endothelial surface; facilitates penetration of blood-brain barrier by mononuclear cells |
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Term
| MS and Matrix metalloproteases |
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Definition
| MMPs digest basement type IV collagen and fibronectin, which further facilitates mononuclear cells migration into the CNS |
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Term
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Definition
| B cells make immunoglobulin (auto-antibodies) |
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Term
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Definition
| T cells release cytokines (IFN-gamma, IL17) and chemokines |
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Term
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Definition
| macrophages engulf myelin internoes, exposing axonal surfaces and releasing injury effector agents such as NO, oxygen free radicals and glutamate |
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Term
| MS and treatment IFN-beta |
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Definition
| decreases MMP2 and alphabeta1 integrin expression |
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Term
| MS and Natalizumab (Tysabri) |
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Definition
| Humanized mAB against mAB against alpha4beta1 integrin; withdrawn due to JC virus-driven PML; reintroduced with monitoring |
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