Term
| What types of hypersensitivity are carried out primarily by antibodies? |
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Definition
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Term
| What types of hypersensitivity are carried out primarily by antibodies? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of hypersensitivity is carried out by T cells& mediators? |
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Definition
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Term
| 3 main immune players in Type 1 Hypersensitivty |
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Definition
| Mast cells, Eosinophils, IgE |
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Term
| Type 1 hypersensitivity produces excessive amounts of |
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Definition
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Term
| Type of animal that overproduce large amounts of IgE, making them prone too allergies |
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Definition
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Term
| Th-2 cells produce IL-4 which increases antibody class switch to |
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Definition
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Term
| ______ cells become coated with IgE |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Effects of mast cell granule produces (6) |
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Definition
1. vasodilation of capillaries: increased blood flow to site of allergy --> red/hot
2. increase permeability to capillaries--> plasma oozes out--> swelling/edema
3. constriction of smooth muscle
4. stimulate production of secretions
5. irritate nerve endings --> itching/ pruritis
6. chemotaxis for eosinophils |
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Term
| two inflammatory substances that eosinophils contain |
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Definition
| IL-4, cytotoxis substances that kill bacteria |
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Term
| Local allergic type 1 hypersenstivities are slow or fast? |
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Definition
| very fast ( within seconds, clinical signs within 10-30 minutes) |
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Term
| Examples of less severe sites of clinical symptoms of type 1 hypersensitivty |
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Definition
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Term
| Site examples for more severe clinical signs for type 1 hypersenstivity |
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Definition
upper respiratory: wheezing (due to smooth muscle contraction), increased secretion (tearing, salivating)
intestinal tract: spastic contraction of smooth muscle--> pain, colic diarrhea. Increase in secretion |
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Term
| To reduce anaphylactic shock you inject |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the wheal & flear reaction |
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Definition
| If IgE present (representing an allergy) you'll get inflammation/red skin. If no inflammation there is no IgE, i.e. no allergy |
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Term
| Does antihistamines work on prevent allergic reactions or treating on-going allergic reactions? |
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Definition
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Term
| ______ inhibit allergic reaction by immunosuppression |
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Definition
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Term
| In desensitization therapy (allergy shots)... |
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Definition
| Th2 switches to Th1 (making IgE unable to bind to mast cells), Th1 stimulates B cells which stop producing IgE and switch antibody classes. |
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Term
| Another name for Type 2 hypersensitivty |
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Definition
| cytotoxic hypersensitivity |
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Term
| 2 immunity players in Type 2 hypersensitivity |
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Definition
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Term
| Type 2 hypersensitivity is defined as when antibodies destroy ___ cells |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| incompatible blood transfusions |
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Term
| Two ways to test for incompatible blood transfusions |
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Definition
Cross-matching test (sample of blood cells from donor- wash and remove serum components, same of blood cells from recipient-mix in vitro with pack RBCs. If no antibodies- nothing happes, if antibodies present.. complement activates--> lysis or RBCS clump)
Coombs testL (antiglobulin test), additional reagent- antiequine immunoglobulin antibodies. linkage and clumping if antibodies present. |
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Term
| In neonatal isoerythroloysis |
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Definition
| neonate drinking colostrum with antibodies against own RBCs (2nd newborn) |
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Term
| TX of neontal isoerythrolysis |
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Definition
| use MOTHERS RBCS- discard plasma, wash, re-suspend in saline, and then transfuse |
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Term
| Exanoke if RBC destruction due to a viral infections |
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Definition
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Term
| 3 immune players in Type 3 hypersensitivity |
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Definition
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Term
| What generally happens in type 3? |
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Definition
| Excessive formation of immune complex (antigen + antibody) |
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Term
| If immune complexes stick to RBCs it causes |
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Definition
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Term
| If immune complexes stick to platelets it causes |
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Definition
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Term
| If immune complexes stick to lymphocytes it causes |
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Definition
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Term
| If immune complexes deposit in joints is causes |
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Definition
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Term
| What white blood cell is highly involved in type 3? |
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Definition
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Term
| Type 4 hypersensitivty is induced by |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1) antigen expressed on infectious agent
2) antigen binds to antigen-presenting cells (APC)
3) APC induces immature Th0 cells to mature into Th1 cells
4) Th1 cells express CD4 + (effector cells & memory cells)
5) Th1 secreate INF-gamma (POWERFUL cytokine) |
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Term
| In a type 4 hypersensitivity swollen mass, you would find.. |
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Definition
| no edema because there are no antibodies. FIRM. |
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Term
| Types of infectious agents |
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Definition
| Bacteria, Viruses, parasites, fungi |
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Term
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Definition
| small, intra/extracellular replication, complex surface proteins, produce toxins |
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Term
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Definition
| smaller than bacteria, replication intracellular, simple surface proteins, no toxins |
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Term
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Definition
| variable in size, intra or extracellular replication, surface complexity varies, some produce toxins |
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Term
| some gram-______ bacteria can produce endotoxins |
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Definition
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Term
| Immune Mechanisms against extracellular bacteria |
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Definition
| agglutination, opsonization, complement activation |
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Term
| Ig_ prevents ability of bacteria to adhere to muscosal surface |
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Definition
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Term
| Negative consequences on the immune response/Type 1 hypersensitivity against bacteria.. |
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Definition
| allergic reaction if IgE are produced against bacteria |
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Term
| Negative consequences on the immune response/Type 2 hypersensitivity against bacteria... |
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Definition
| anemia if bacteria attach to RBCs |
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Term
| Negative consequences on the immune response/Type 3 hypersenstivity against bacteria... |
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Definition
| immune complex deposition in the kidneys |
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Term
| negative consequences on the immune response/type 4 hypersensitivity against bacteria... |
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Definition
| animal has many granulomas |
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Term
| viral infected host cell secretes |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| minute change in antigen expression on a virus (ex common cold) |
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Term
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Definition
| major change in composition on a virus |
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Term
| Which immunity relation organ develops first in the fetus |
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Definition
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Term
| Which antibodies are first to appear in circulation? |
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Definition
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Term
| In comparison to an adult, the immune response in a new born has a shorter or longer lag phase? |
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Definition
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Term
| The predominant type of antibody in human colostrum and milk respectively is... |
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Definition
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Term
| The predominant type of antibody in horses/pigs colostrum and milk respectively is.... |
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Definition
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Term
| There is NO passive transfer of maternal antibodies via placenta in |
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Definition
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Term
| Maternal causes of Failure of Passive Transfer |
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Definition
1. insufficient colostrum (premature lactation, spontaneous dripping, premature offspring)
2. Failure of inadequate let down of colostrum
3. Damaged teats; serious parturient condition (rupture of cecum) |
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Term
| Absorption of colostrum begins to decline after ____ hours |
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Definition
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Term
| Newborn causes of failure of passive transfer |
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Definition
1. Failure of inadequate intake (weak new born, no suckling reflex, competition, physical deformities)
2. failure to absorb colostrum (suckling past 24 hr mark) |
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Term
| Diagnosis for failure of passive transfer |
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Definition
1. animal husbandry
2. colostrum specific gravity
3. refractometry for total solids
4. turbidity test (zinc sulfate/sodium sulfate/glutaraldehyde)
5, single radial immunodiffusion (accurate but takes time- 18-24 hrs)
Latex agglutination test (rapid- 10 min)
7. ELISA (Foal IgG; CITE test) |
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Term
| Treatment for Failure of Passive transfer |
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Definition
1. < 15hrs : 2-3 L of colostrum orally
1. > 15 hrs : IV plasma |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| It takes ____ hours post-hatch to achieve maximum absorption of yolk antibodies |
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Definition
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Term
| Albumin is rich in Ig_ and Ig_ |
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Definition
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Term
| Maternal antibody protection in chickens is estimated ___ days post hatch |
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Definition
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