Term
| A graft or transplant from one location to another on the same person. |
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Definition
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Term
| graft or transplantation from one person to another who is synergistic to the donor |
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Definition
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Term
| transplantation from one person to a genetically dissimilar person of the same species |
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Definition
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Term
| graft between a donor and a recipient of a different species |
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Definition
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Term
| This type of rejection occurs within a few hours. Its caused by antibodies to incompatible MHC molec and activation of complement. |
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Definition
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Term
| This type of rejection begins within a few days and mostly happens to patients who havent been previously sensitized to transplant antigen |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the cause and mechanism of acute rejection? |
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Definition
cause: TC mediated immunity as a result of mismatch of HLA
mechanism: infiltration of lymphoctyes and macrophages. Destruction of cells by phago and cytotoxic TC |
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Term
| This type of rejection occurs months or years after the transplant. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the cause and mechanism of chronic rejection? Is there a treatment available? |
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Definition
cause: activation of CD4 TC followed by macro activation, CTL activation, antibody, and complement.
mechanism: lymphoid proliferation and formation of lymphoid follicles occur within the transplanted organ.
therapy is useless |
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Term
| How many MHC alleles does each person have? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most potent transplantation antigen? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which type of TC is predominant in allograft rejection? |
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Definition
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Term
| This drug inhibits lymphocyte gene expression, down regulates adhesion receptors, inhibits phago, ect. |
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Definition
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Term
| This drug is a purine antagonist |
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Definition
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Term
| These drugs are monoclonal antibodies against CD3 and Il-2 |
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Definition
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Term
| These drugs are the most widely used. They interfere with gene transcription in TC of things like Il-2, il-4, IFN-y |
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Definition
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Term
| Similar to cyclosporine but not. |
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Definition
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Term
| This process destroys many cells but especially TC |
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Definition
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Term
| What are 6 main characteristics of cancer cells? |
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Definition
| loss of regulatory control, immortalized, autonomous growth, metastatic growth, monoclonal origin, self/self-like. |
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Term
| Over 50% of cancers have a mutation of what gene? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which type of Ig normally bind to tumor cells and initiate ADCC? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the single most important end line immune defense mechanism against tumors? |
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Definition
| CD8 TC recognizing tumor antigens through HLA 1 molec |
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Term
| These cells are obtained from the peripheral blood of cancer patients, grown with Il-2, and then put back into the same patient |
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Definition
| lymphokine-activated natural killer cells (LAK) |
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Term
| This cytokine attracts and activates macrophages to the area of an antigen. It also upregulates HLA 1 and 2 expression |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two possible outcomes of the adaptive immune response? |
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Definition
| sterilizing and non-sterilizing (like herpes) |
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Term
| ________ pathogens live within host cells out of necessity. _________ pathogens can live in or outside the host cell |
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Definition
| obligate intracellular, facultative intracellular |
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Term
| Which cells are the first to respond to an extracellular pathogen? |
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Definition
| macrophages, granulocytes, and PMN (neutrophils) |
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Term
| This innate factor restricts access to iron and lysozyme |
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Definition
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Term
| This cytokine produced by NK cells are important in controlling the replication of intracellular pathogens |
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Definition
| IFN-y (interferon "interferes" with pathogen replication) |
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Term
This type of interferon is produced by any nucleated cell upon being infected with a pathogen.
What is the purpose of this type of interferon? |
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Definition
"non-immune" or type 1 interferon, aka a/b IFN
When they bind to a cell, they induce a resistant state within that cell. It also alerts host cells to the presence of a pathogen |
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Term
| Are interferons toxic to viruses or other intracellular pathogens? |
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Definition
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Term
| adaptive immunity to intracellular pathogens is primarily mediated by what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which type of interferon is produced by cells of the immune system? |
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Definition
| IFN - y, aka "immune interferon" aka type 2 |
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Term
| List the cells that release IFN - y in descending order of quantity |
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Definition
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Term
| Which two cytokine signals combined result in a heightened state activation for macrophages? |
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Definition
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Term
| The hallmark of parasitic infections in ppl is the production of what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Many helminths tend to induce ________ and suppress _______ |
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Definition
| Th2 (this makes sense because remember that a lot of IgE is present during infection and Th2 cells are the ones that stimulate Ig differentiation), Th1 |
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Term
| endotoxins are produced by which type of bacteria? |
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Definition
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Term
| This type of response is useless in combating the effects of LPS |
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Definition
| antibody response (too many different types of LPS exist for antibody to be helpful) |
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Term
| Why might antibody not be that helpful in combating an exotoxin response |
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Definition
| neurotoxins are usually produced at levels too low to induce an antibody response |
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Term
| Can a toxoid that induces antibody be formed for an exotoxin? |
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Definition
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Term
| This type of toxin induces very broad biological activity |
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Definition
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Term
| Which type of hypersensitivity rxn involves TC? |
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Definition
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Term
| hemolytic disease of the newborn is what type of hypersensitivity? |
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Definition
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Term
| susceptibility of certain ppl to natural sensitization by environmental allergens |
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Definition
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Term
| the process of inducing an immune response resulting in an adverse effect |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three main phases of type 1 rxns? |
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Definition
| sensitization, activation, effector phase |
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Term
| which types of cells tend to line the skin, mucosa,and connective tissues? |
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Definition
| mast cells and IgE B cells |
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Term
| This type of Fc receptor is found on mast cells and basophils. Is it high or low affinity? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which cells are the main effectors of type 1 hypersensitivity rxns? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many IgE molec must an allergen bind to initiate a response? |
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Definition
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Term
| name the preformed mediators |
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Definition
| histamine, seratonin, eosinophil chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis, and heparin |
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Term
oxidation of arachidonic acid by what results in leukotriene formation?
What about formation of prostoglandins and thromboxanes? |
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Definition
| lipoxygenases, cyclooxgenases |
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Term
| What are the 3 newly synthesized mediators |
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Definition
| leukotreines B, C, D, prostoglandins, and thromboxanes |
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Term
| Which test measures total IgE, which measures specific IgE? |
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Definition
total: RIST
specific: RAST |
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Term
| this drug stabilizes the mast cell membranes |
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Definition
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Term
| these drugs prevent the arachidonic pathways |
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Definition
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Term
| This drug reverses the effects of histamine |
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Definition
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Term
| This drug is humanized anti-IgE antibody |
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Definition
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Term
| this drug is a leukotriene receptor antagonist |
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Definition
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