The 2 regions of interest in the antibody molecule are called:

A. The carboxy region and the amino region.

B. The constant region and the variable region.

C. The heavy cheain and the light chain.

D. All the preceding answers are correct.

2. IgE antibody molecules have 4 constant heavy regions whereas IgM antibody molecules have only 3 constant heavy regions.

A. True

B. False

3. The hypervariable regions of antibody molecules are located within the Fc portion of the molecules:

A. True

B. False

4. The epitope depicted in the accompanying illustration is an example of a linear epitope:

[image]

A. True

B. False

5. The epitope depicted in the accompanying illustration is an example of a discontinuous epitope:

[image]

A. True

B. False

6. The accompanying illustration shows a multivalent antigen with different epitopes:

[image]

A. True

B. False

7. The accompanying illustration shows a multivalent antigen with repeated epitopes:

[image]

A. True

B. False

8. You have produced a hybridoma cell line producing antibody against a single epitope of the novel H1N1 influenza virus. You can state with confidence that all antibody molecules ever produced by cells from that hybridoma cell line will have specificity for the same single epitope.

A. True

B. False

9. You have produced a hybridoma cell line producing antibody against a single epitope ofthe novel H1N1 influenza virus. Although all antibody molecules produced by that hybridoma cell line will have the same antigenic specificity, some of the molecules may be IgG molecules while other molecules may be IgA molecules.

A. True

B. False

10. From the name of the therapeutic monoclonal antibody "rituximab", you can tell that it is:

A. A chimeric monoclonal antibody

B. A human monoclonal antibody

C. A humanized monoclonal antibody

D. A mouse monoclonal antibody

11. The reason that the original spleen cells (the unfused spleen cells) in a spleen cell-myeloma cell mixed culture die out is that they are unable to grow indefinitely in culture:

A. True

B. False

12. B-cell diversity, in terms of antigen specificity, is generated by random recombination.

A. True

B. False

13. Diversity in the light chain hypervariable regions is generated by recombination of 3 gene segments.

A. True

B. False

14. Diversity in the heavy chain hypervariable regions is generated by recombination of 3 gene segments.

A. True

B. False

15. Junctional diversity depends on the addition of nucleotides to the germ line DNA nucleotides during D-J rearrangement.

A. True

B. False

16. In terms of mechanisms for pathogen recognition:

A. The innate immune system has a fixed repertoire while the adaptive immune system has an almost unlimited repertoire.

B. The innate immune system is capable of modifying its response to a pathogen during the course of that response, whereas the response of the adaptive immune system is fixed by inheritance.

C. The innate immune system uses a single molecular type of receptor as opposed to the adaptive immune system that uses multiple receptors (e.g., receptors for C3b, mannose, glucans, LPS, etc.)

D. None of the statements above is correct

17. The immunoglobulin receptor is located on T cells.

A. True

B. False

18. Diversity of T-cell receptors is generated by:

A. Inherited specificities (i.e., the human chromosome contains sequences for each possible T-cell specificity)

B. Interaction between a given antigen and a primordial T cell (i.e., T cells are "taught" the necessary specificities)

C. Recombination mechanisms

D. None of the statements above is a correct explanation for T Cell receptor diversity.

19. In the illustration below, antigen binding occurs at"

A. Site "A"

B. Site "B"

20. The specificity of the adaptive immune system response explains why antibody made during infection with measels virus does not protect a person against infecdtion with influenza virus.

A. True

B. False

21. A role of dendritic cells is to:

A. Take a pathogen apart inside the dendritic cell.

B. Take up a pathogen for degradation.

C. Unfold pathogen proteins and cut them into small pieces.

D. All three preceding statements are correct.

22. Peptide-bearing MHC Class I molecules also interact with CD8 T cells.

A. True

B. False

23. Peptide-bearing MCH Class I molecules also interact with CD4 T cells.

A. True

B. False

24. In the B cell, degraded bacterial peptides in endocytic vesicles are transported to the B-cell surface.

A. True

B. False

25. IgM is the first antibody made against an infecting pathogen.

A. True

B. False

The T-cell receptor usually recognizes antigen:

A. When an antigen fragment is displayed in noncovalent association with cell-surface host molecules.

B. When antigen fragments make contact with T cell chromosomes within the nucleus.

C. When the antigen is complexed with its specific antibody.

D. When the intact antigen molecule is transported into the cytoplasm of the T cell.

A class I MHC consists of:

A. 2 identical noncovalently associated polypeptide chains called (zeta).

B. 2 noncovalently associated polypeptides called (alpha) and (beta).

C. 2 noncovalently associated polypeptide chains called (delta) and (epsilon)

D. 2 noncovalently associated polypeptide chains caleed (alpha) and (beta-2) microglobulin

3. A class II MHC molecule consists of:

A. 2 identical noncovalently associated polypeptide chains called (zeta).

B. 2 noncovalently associated polypeptide chains called (alpha) and (beta).

C. 2 noncovalently associated polypeptide chains called (delta) and (epsilon)

D. 2 noncovalently associated polypeptide chains called (alpha) and (beta-2) microglobulin.

The diagram below represents:

[image]

A. MHC class I molecule

B. MCH class II molecule

C. Surface immunoglobulin

D. T-cell receptor

The diagram below represents:

[image]

A. MHC Class I

B. MHC Class II

C. B-cell surface immunoglobulin

D. The T-cell receptor (TCR)

The diagram below represents:

[image]

A. MHC class I

B. MHC class II
C. B-cell surface immunoglobulin

D. The T-cell receptor

7. Peptides are bound to class I MHC molecule

A. Covalent bonding between the NH2 terminal and the COOH terminal of the peptide and complementary pockets of the MHC molecule.

B. Either covalent bonding or hydrogen bonding between the NH2 terminal and the COOH terminal of the peptide and complementary pockets of the MHC molecule, depending whether the MHC molecule is a product of the B locus or the A locus.

C. Hydrogen bonding between the NH2 terminal and the COOH terminal of the peptide and complementary pockets of the MHC molecule.

D. None of the other answers is correct

Peptide bound to class II MHC molecules:

A. Are bound by hydrogen bonding between main-chain atoms of the peptide amino acids and the MHC peptide-binding site.

B. Are entirely enclosed within the peptide-binding site of the class II MHC molecule (i.e., no protion of the enhanced peptide is exposed outside the MHC molecule)

C. Hate their NH2 and COOH terminal ends buried in complementary pockets of the MHC molecule.

D. All the answers above are correct.

An MHC class I molecule is bound to a peptide on the surface of a host cell. The peptide is derived from:

A. Either endogenous antigens or exogenous antigens, depending on which specific MHC class I molecule is involved.

B. Endogenous antigens

C. Exogenous antigens

D. None of the other answers is correct

An MHC class II molecule is bound to a peptide on the surface of a host cell. The peptide is derived from:

A. Either endogenous antigens or exogenous antiges, depending on which specifc MHC class II molecule is involved.

B. Endogenous antigens.

C. Exogenous antigens.

D. None of the other answers is correct

Complementarity-determing regions (CDRs) in the TCR are located:

A. Within both the V and C regions

B. Within the C regions

C. Within the cytoplasmic tails of the chains

D. Within the V regions

The binding site of the CD8 co-receptor to MHC class I molecules is:

A. The alpha-1 domain

B. The alpha-2 domain

C. The alpha-3 domain

D. The beta-2 microglobulin

The binding site of the CD4 co-receptor to MHC class II molecules is:

A. The alpha-1 domain

B. The alpha-2 domain

C. The beta-1 domain

D. The beta-2 domain

The function of the proteasome is to:

A. Assist the gastrointestinal tract in the digesion of food.

B. Attach peptide fragments to the antigen-binding region of MHC class II molecules

C. Degrade extracellular pathogens so that their peptide antigens become accessible for presentation by macrophages

D. Degrade proteins in the cytosol into peptide fragments suitable for display on the surface of the cell

The function of the invariant chain in presentation of peptide antigens by MHC class II molecules is to:

A. Assist in covalently linking peptide antigens to the binding site of MHC class II molecules.

B. Assist in transporting MHC class II molecules from the cytosol to the cell surface.

C. Prevent degradation of the MHC class II peptide-antigen complex

D. Prevent premature binding of peptides to the MHC class II molecule

When a given T-cell receptor binds to a peptide antigen complexed to an MHC molecule:

A. It contacts both the peptide antigen and the surrounding surface of the MHC molecule

B. It contacts only the MHC molecule part of the peptide MHC complex.

C. It contacts only the peptide antigen portion of the peptide MHC molecule complex

D. It makes contact only with the transmembrane molecule(s) of the MHC molecule invovled in the complex.

Of the following MHC isotypes, the one that is a member of the MHC class I isotype is:

A. HLA-C

B. HLA-DM

C. HLA-DP

D. HLA-DR

Of the following MHC isotypes, the one that is member of the MHC class II isotypes is:

A. HLA-A

B. HLA-B

C. HLA-DQ

D. HLA-E

A given individual's chromosomes contain the alleles for the antigens HLA-B14 (paternal origin) and HLA-B57 (maternal origin). Because of the way in which multiple HLA antigen alleles are expressed, this individual will express:

A. Both HLA-B14 and HLA-B57 because the alleles are co-dominant.

B. Neither HLA-B14 nor HLA-B57 because only MHC alleles for which an individual is homozygous are expressed

C. Only HLA-B14 because the allele of paternal origin is dominant to the allele of maternal origin

D. Only HLA-B57 because the allele of maternal origin is dominant to the allele of paternal origin

A. Both HLA-B14 and HLA-B57 because the alleles are co-dominant.

The generation of T-cell receptor diversity occurs by mechanisms similar to the those used to generate B-cell receptor diversity:

A. True

B. False