Term
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Definition
| The process of developing an immune response to self antigens. |
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Term
| Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia |
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Definition
| Antibodies are raised against cell surface antigens on red blood cells, resulting in destruction of red cells and anemia. |
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Term
| Cold hemagglutinin disease |
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Definition
| A type of hemolytic anemia from and IgM response. The antibodies agglutinate cells with increasing strenght as teh temperature drops. Extensive hemolysis occurs when arms, legs, adn extremities drop below 37 degrees C in cold weather. |
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Term
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Definition
| Antibodies develop against receptors for thyroid-stimulating hormone. |
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Term
| Thyroid Stimulating Hormone |
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Definition
| Antibodies are developed against receptors for this in Graves' disease. |
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Term
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Definition
| Autoantibodies against acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction. |
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Term
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Definition
| In myasthenia gravis, autoantibodies are made against these receptors at the neuromuscular junciton. |
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Term
| Systemic lupus erythematosus |
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Definition
| systemic autoimmune disease in which autoantibodies made against DNA, RNA, and nucleoprotein particles form immune complexes that damage small blood vessels. |
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Term
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Definition
| Important for controlling extracellular bacteria and fungi. |
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Term
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Definition
| Important for immunosuppression. |
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Term
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Definition
| Autoimmune response agains the myelin sheath of nerve cells. Involves demyelination of CNS tissue resulting in sclerotic plaques of demyelinated tissues. |
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Term
| Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis |
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Definition
| caused by immunizing rats or mice with myelin basic protein, a protein foudn in myelin sheath that surrounds nerve cell axons in the brain and spinal cord. Mice develop T cells specific for myelin basic protein. |
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Term
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Definition
| Chronically inflamed joints infiltrated by multiple immune cells. |
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Term
| Hypersensitivity Reaction |
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Definition
| An inappropriate immune response. Body recognizes and responds to some foreign antigen that isn't directly related to a protective response against a pathogen. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| immune reactions against allergens. |
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Term
| Type I hypersensitivity reaction |
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Definition
| IgE mediated, antigens binding to IgE boudn to Falpha receptros on mast cells. |
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Term
| Type II hypersensitivity Reaction |
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Definition
| antibody-mediated, antibodies bind to antigens bound to cell or matrix surface. |
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Term
| Type III hypersensitivity reaction |
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Definition
| immune complex-mediated, antibodies bind to soluble antigens. |
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Term
| Type IV hypersensitivity reaction |
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Definition
| mediated by antigen-specific T cells, also known as delayed-type hypersensitivity. |
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Term
| Delayed-type hypersensitivity |
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Definition
| Mediated by antigen-specific T cells (Type IV) |
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Term
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Definition
| Original exposure to an antigen where a person makes IgE antibodies against the antigen. |
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Term
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Definition
| Inherited predisposition to the production of IgE against common environmental antigens. |
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Term
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Definition
| Fc receptors on the surface of basophils, mast cells, and activated eosinophils that bind to IgE with high affinity |
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Term
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Definition
| originate in bone marrow and travel to peripheral mucosal and epithelial tissue where they undergo maturation. They have lots of cytoplasmic granules containg preformed inflammatory mediators like histmine, heparin, TNF-alpha, and various proteases. |
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Term
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Definition
| granulocytes mostly resident in tissues. Express FcRI receptors only after activation. Release highly toxic mediators and enzymes that can cause tissue damage. Normal function is to kill parasites directly. |
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Term
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Definition
| are low abundance granulocytes that circulate in the blood. Conain a similar set of mediators in the granules as mast cells. Also produce IL-4 and IL-13 to promote TH2 responses. |
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Term
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Definition
| major granule constituent. Binds to histamine H1 receptors son smooth muscle cells to rapidly induce bronchial and intestinal smooth muscle contraction, binds to endothelial cells to increase vascular permeability, increases mucus secretion from epithelial cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cause smooth muscle contraction, increase vascular permeability, and causes mucus secretions. |
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Term
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Definition
| Due to release of preformed mediators. |
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Term
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Definition
| Due to mediators and synthesized following mast cell stimulation |
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Term
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Definition
| the consequence of an immediate response. |
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Term
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Definition
| activation of nasal mucosal mast cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| Allergic response in the eye. |
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Term
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Definition
| degranulation of mast cells in the lower respiratory tract in response to allergen. |
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Term
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Definition
| activation of mast cells in the skin cause histamine release resulting in itchy swellings. |
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Term
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Definition
| Allergen enters the bloodstream causing widespred increases in vascular permeability-large loss of blood pressure. |
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Term
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Definition
| Incidence of asthma and other allergic diseases in developing countries is on the increase. |
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Term
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Definition
| Bind to histamine receptors to block binding of histamine. |
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Term
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Definition
| treatment with increasing doses of antigen in an attempt to switch from IgE to IgG response or to generate Treg cells that secrete TGFB adn IL-10 |
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Term
| Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity |
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Definition
| triggered by immunoglobulins other than IgE binding to cells in the body resulting in destruction of cells by this process. |
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Term
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Definition
| A potentially fatal disease caused by maternal IgG antibodies directed toward paternal antigens expressed on fetal red blood cells. The usual target of this response is the Rh blood group antigen. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| localize IgG mediated reaction. |
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Term
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Definition
| receptor on mast cells that has a low affinity and binds to complexes of antigen and igG. |
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Term
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Definition
| moldy hay, caused by development of antibodies against mold spores. |
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Term
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Definition
| Patients treated with antisera can develop an immune response against foreign serum proteins leading to accumulation of antibody-antigen complexes. |
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Term
| Pentadecacatechol/urushiol |
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Definition
| a contact dermatitis response. |
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Term
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Definition
| getting a hypersensitivity response to something like poison ivy. |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs in response to dietary gluten, TH1 mediated. |
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Term
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Definition
| a drug induced type IV hypersensitivity that results in skin disorders. |
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Term
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Definition
| a skin test to determine if someone was previously infected with mycobacterium TB. |
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Term
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Definition
| IgM antibody with specificity for human IgG that is produced in some people with rheumatoid arthritis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Destruction of the insulin-producing Beta cells of the pancreas by an autoimmune response. |
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Term
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Definition
| transcription factor that causes several hundred tissue-specific genes to be trascribed by a subpopulation of epithelial cells in the medulla of the thymus, and which thus enables the developing T-cell population to become tolerant of antigens that normally function only outside the thymus. |
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Term
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Definition
| several independently segregating disease susceptibility loci exist. |
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Term
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Definition
| an example of when trauma can cause disruption of cell or tissue barrier allowing a formerly sequestered antigen to become recognized. |
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Term
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Definition
| Antibodies or T cells generated in response to an infectious agent cross-react with self antigens. |
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Term
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Definition
| Autoimmune disease involving inflammation of the heart, joints, and kidneys, which can follow 2-3 weeks after a throat infection. |
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Term
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Definition
| Signal is recognized and then spread somewhere else. |
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Term
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Definition
| Can stimulate T cells without engagement of TCR. |
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Term
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Definition
| exposure to infectious organism or antigens from an infectious organism to generate an immunological memory to repel any later invasions by the same organism. |
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Term
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Definition
| Historical procedure for immunization against small-pox in which a small amount of live smallpox virus was introduced through scarification of the skin. |
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Term
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Definition
| virus treated with heat or irradiation or chemicals so it cannot replicate further. Basis of salk polio vaccine. |
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Term
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Definition
| Live virus mutated so that it doesn't grwo very well in human cells. Basis of Sabin polio vaccine, measles, mumps, rubella. |
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Term
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Definition
| Take an infectious agent and alter it so that it becomes harmless or less virulent. |
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Term
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Definition
| surface components of the virus are used as immunogens for the production of neutralizing antibodies. |
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Term
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Definition
| the body produces neutralizing antibodies against a surface protein knon as HBsAg. |
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Term
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Definition
| reassortant strains are created from parent animal strains that contain human genes that code for a human protein. |
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Term
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Definition
| derived from a bovine strain of mycobacterium TB and is used to provide protection TB. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the agent responsible for whooping cough, initially involved injection of whole killed bacteria as a form of a vaccine. |
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Term
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Definition
| vaccine contains components against which immune responses were normally mounted. |
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Term
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Definition
| A vaccine made from capsular polysaccharides bound to an immunogenic protein such as tetanus toxoid. the protein provides peptide epitopes that stimulate CD4 T cells to help B cells specific for the polysaccharide. |
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Term
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Definition
| causes bacterial meningitis. |
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Term
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Definition
| exists in multiple serotypes, difficult to make a vaccine against. |
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Term
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Definition
| needed to induce inflammation, permit antigen uptake into APCs adn keep antigen at injection site for slow release. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a combined mixture of antigens for diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis. |
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Term
| Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine |
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Definition
| directed against Streptococcus pneumoniae heptavalent |
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Term
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Definition
| has many viral components, used in Influenza. |
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Term
| measles, mumps and rubella |
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Definition
| all live, attenuated viruses that are injected simultaneously. |
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Term
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Definition
| for varicella-zoster virus, which causes chickenpox-live attenuated virus. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| conjugate virus, only kids over 2 if in a high risk group. |
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Term
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Definition
| tetanus toxiod, diphtheria toxoids, and acellular pertussis vaccine. |
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Term
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Definition
| a non-infectious recombinant, quadrivalent vaccine prepared for highly purified virus-like particlesof the major capsid protein of HPV. |
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Term
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Definition
| cell-free filtrate produced from a strain of anthrax that does not cause disease. Contains one of 3 toxin proteins known as protective antigen. |
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Term
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Definition
| a way to update the methodology for producing vaccines for influenza and other viruses. |
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Term
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Definition
| present antigen in an accessible, multimeric, physically well-defined complex. |
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Term
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Definition
| Plasmid altered to carry a gene specifying one or more antigenic proteins normally made by a selected pathogen. |
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Term
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Definition
| Results from transfer of antibody from one individual to another. |
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Term
| Artificial passive immunity |
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Definition
| protects a susceptible individual by directly administering exogenous supplemental immunoglobulins obtained from an immune donor. |
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Term
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Definition
| treatment with antibody from a different species. |
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Term
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Definition
| pooled human immune globulin. |
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Term
| Rhesus incompatibility reaction |
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Definition
| leads to erythroblastosis fetalis or hemolytic disease of the newborn. |
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