Term
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Definition
Defesins: antimicrobial peptides released
from cells.
Penetrate microbial membranes
a-produced by PMNs and paneth
b-produced by epithelial cells |
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Term
| How do innate cells recognize microbes? |
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Definition
LPS
Terminal Manose residues
dsRNA
unmethylated CpG nucleotides
PRRs(PAMPs Recognition Receptors)
PAMPs(pathogen assocaited molecular patterns)
PRR binding to PAMP induce cytokine production |
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Term
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Definition
TLRs important sensors of infection
Almost all TLRs act by inducing NF-kB
LPS binds TLR4 and CD14.
TLR4 initiates signal via MAPK system
NFkB enters nucleus and
proinflammatory cytokines including
TNFa are synthesized |
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Term
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Definition
TLR2:TLR6:
Ligand: Lipoteichoic acid, Gram-positive
TLR3:
Ligand: Viral dsRNA. Viruses
TLR4:
Ligand: LPS, Gram-negative bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
Phagocytosis can be improved by
opsonization of C3b and Fc part of an
antibacterial IgG antibody |
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Term
| Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria |
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Definition
Mutation in CD59 or CD55(DAF).
Normally inhibits MAC formation.
Respiration slower at night, decreases pH. MAC formation in RBCs |
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Term
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Definition
Oxidative Burst:
Produces hypochlorous acid(HOCI) and
ROIs. NADPH oxidase important for
superoxide production
Phagocytosis: ROIS, RNIs ->bystander damage
Toxic materials in granules:
Primary: microbe killing/digestion
Secondary: Exocytosis, inflammation |
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Term
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Definition
Kills cells via:
1)porforins/granzymes(digest interior)
2) Fas/FasL(induce apoptosis)
3)TNFa/TNFaR
On full activation release IFN-y |
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Term
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Definition
NK cell receptors are immunoglobuilin like
or lectin.
May activate killing(KAR) or inhibit(KIR). Inhibit trumps
MHC I are major ligands for KIRs. Binding adequate amounts of MHCI to KIRs stops cell killing.
Infected cells have less MHCI
Infected cells produce MICA and MICB. Ligands for KARs. |
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Term
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Definition
Neutrophils: stored in bone marrow,
migrate and engulf/destroy bacteria
Macrophages: engulf and digest bacteria
and dead neutrophils |
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Term
Acute
Vs
Chronic Inflammation |
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Definition
Acute: delivers plasma and cellular
components of blood for clearing and
repair. Neutrophils dominant effector
Pus
Chronic:
T lymphocytes activated.
Th1 are effector cells. Granuloma. |
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Term
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Definition
Rolling: L-selectins(WBC) -> E-selectin
Tight binding: LFA-1(WBC) -> I-CAM
Diapedesis: WBC follows IL-8 gradient
Migration: WBC goes to concentration
Chemokines: activate neutrophils to increase avidity of integrins.
CD31(PECAM-1) in transmigration |
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Term
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Definition
Accute cellular phase:
chemotaxis, replace immune cells
Production of Il-1,IL-6, TNFa.
Cytokines stimulate production of
acute phase proteins. CRP, fibrinogen\\
Chronic Cellphase: Emigration of \
lymphocytes, infiltrating by macrophage |
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Term
| Pro-inflammatory Cytokines |
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Definition
IL-1: Enhances NK activity
IL-6: Induces syntheses of acute phase
proteins by heptatocytes. Fever via
hypothalamus
TNF-a: Innate response. cytokine release
CXCL8(IL-8) Chemokine for extravasation
of neutrophils |
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Term
| Anti-inflammatory Cytokines |
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Definition
IL-10: secreted by monocytes, macrophages
TH2cells. Down regulates inflammation
IL-13: Produced by T-cells Anti-inflam
TGF-B: Induce class switch to IgA by
plasma cells |
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Term
| Activated Th1 cell produces |
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Definition
IFN-y: activates macrophages
IL-2: Induce T-cell proliferation
CXCL2:Macrophages accumulate at site of
infection. |
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