Term
| What is an autoimmune disease? |
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Definition
| certain self cells are no longer tolerated, immune system treats them as antigens |
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Term
| Does an autoimmune disease effect just organs? |
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Definition
| no, it can be for a single cell type, single organ, or more extensive |
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Term
| What is something that influences our tendency to develop an autoimmune disease? |
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Definition
| genetic factors, but some are induced by microbes |
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Term
| What are some microbes that may induce an autoimmune disease? |
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Definition
-streptococcal infections
-epstein barr virus |
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Term
| Can we only acquire immunodeficiencies? |
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Definition
| no they may be congenital or acquired |
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Term
| What can immunodeficiencies be associated with? |
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Definition
| a systemic disease like diabetes or a result of treatment with certain drugs (chemothearpy, steriods, radiation) |
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Term
| How can immunodeficiences be acquired? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a primary immunodeficiency caused by? What does it result in? |
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Definition
-a genetic or congenital abnormality
-results in defective functioning of at least one part of the inflammatory or immune process |
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Term
| What do primary immunodeficiencies result in? |
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Definition
| defective functioning of at least one part of the inflammatory or immune process |
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Term
| What are two examples of primary immunodeficiences? |
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Definition
-bruton's disease
-Degeorge syndrome |
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Term
| What happens with Bruton's disease? How is it treated? |
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Definition
-B cells don't mature, so there are no antibodies, more at risk
-need injections of immunoglobulin |
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Term
| What happens in DiGeorge syndrome? What is the treatment? |
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Definition
-3rd and 4th pharyngeal pouches fail to develop, T cells absent or diminished B cell activity
-can include bone marrow transplant |
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Term
| What is another word for Aphthous ulcers? How common are they? |
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Definition
| canker sores, occur in about 20% of the population |
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Term
| What causes aphthous ulcers? What type of immunity is seen? |
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Definition
-trauma often causes them
-T cells seen, cell mediated immunity |
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Term
| Where are aphthous ulcers found? How long does it take them to heal? |
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Definition
-found on lining mucosa
-heals in 7-10 days |
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Term
| What are the three types of aphthous ulcers? |
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Definition
-minor(most common)
-major(larger, deeper, takes longer to heal)
-herpetiform(very tiny, multiple) |
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Term
| What type of immunity is erythema multiforme? |
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Definition
| Type III immunity in which circulating immune complexes provoke vascular injury |
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Term
| What is erythema multiforme? |
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Definition
| a vesiculobullous disease that involves the skin and mucous membranes |
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Term
| What are the lesions associated with erythema multiforme called? |
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Definition
| Target lesions/Bull's eye |
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Term
| What are the symptoms associated with erythema multiforme? |
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Definition
| low grade fever, malaise, headache |
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Term
| What are some precipitating factors to erythema multiforme? |
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Definition
| viral, bacterial, fungal infections, stress, allergy to drugs (sulfa, barbituates) |
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Term
| What is the onset of erythema multiforme like? What is the treatment? |
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Definition
| explosive onset, treat with corticosteroids |
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Term
| What is the severe form of erythema multiforme called? |
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Definition
| Steven-Johnson syndrome- triad of lesions: eye, genital, oral |
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Term
| What is lichen planus? How prevalent it is? |
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Definition
-chronic disease effecting the skin and oral mucosa
-prevalence in the US is about 1% |
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Term
| Who is lichen planus most common in? What is the etiology? |
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Definition
-middle aged people, more common in women
-unknown, worse in a time of stress |
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Term
| What happens in lichen planus? How do you diagnose it? |
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Definition
-degeneration of basal layer of epilthelium separation from CT
-diagnosis made based on clinical appearance |
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Term
| What does lichen planus look like? |
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Definition
-Wickman's striae characteristic lesion(white lacy, interconnecting lines formed from raised white plaques)
-bulla, erosions, and desquamative gingivitis |
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Term
| Who is Reiter's syndrome seen in? |
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Definition
| more in males with genetic marker (HLA- B27) |
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Term
| What is Reiter's Syndrome? |
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Definition
| an abnormal immune response seen after a venereal or GI infection |
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Term
| What are the symptoms of reithers syndrome? |
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Definition
| arthritis(knee and foot), urethritis, conjunctivitis, geographic tongue |
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Term
| What is the treatment of Reiter's syndrome? |
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Definition
| may have spontaneous remission, NSAID's used |
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Term
| What is Langerhan's disease? |
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Definition
| a tumor forming disease in which Langerhans cell(a type of macrophage) proliferates (tumor encased in bone) |
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Term
| What is another name for Langerhan's disease? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who is Lagerhan's disease usually seen in? |
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Definition
| children and young adults |
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Term
| What are the three categories of Langerhan's disease? |
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Definition
1.Letterer-Siwe
2.Hand-Schuller-Christian
3.Eosinophilic granuloma |
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Term
|
Definition
-seen in children under 3
-rapid progression
-resembles lymphoma
-generally fatal |
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Term
| What is Hand-Schuller-Christian? |
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Definition
-seen in young
-multiple lesions
-punched out areas of skull exophthalmos, diabeter insipidus
-oral bone loss, poor healing, sore mouth |
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Term
| What is Eosinophilic granuloma? |
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Definition
-affects older kids
-solitary form
-radiographically resembles periodontal or periapical disease or appear as a well circumcised radiolucency in the skull or mandible |
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Term
| What is Raynaud Phenomenon? |
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Definition
-common autoimmune symptom
-fingers turn WHITE because of lack of blood flow, then BLUE as vessels dilate to keep blood in tissues, then RED as blood flow returns |
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Term
| What is Sjogren Syndrome? |
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Definition
-autoimmmune disease that attacks salivary and lacrimal glands, causes severe xerostomia and dry eyes
-these glands enlarge because of inflammatory scar tissue |
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Term
| Who is Sjogren Syndrome usually seen in? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is Pemphigus Vulgaris? |
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Definition
| a severe, progressive autoimmune disease that affects the skin and mucous membranes |
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Term
| ****Pemphigus Vulgaris causes Acantholysis. What is this?***** |
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Definition
| desmosomal junctions between epithelial cells break down |
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Term
| What is he age range and symptoms for Pemphigus Vulgaris? |
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Definition
-broad age range
-bullae, ulcers
-Nikolsky sign useful in diagnosis (press on mucosa with finger to see cleavage form from ruptured bullae) |
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Term
| What are some other names for cicatricial pemphigold? |
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Definition
-mucous membrane
-benign mucous membrane pemphigold |
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Term
| What is cicatricial pemphigold? |
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Definition
| chronic autoimmune disease that affects oral mucosa, conjuntiva, genital mucosa, and skin, like pemphigus vulgaris but not as severe |
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Term
| What happens in cicatricial pemphigold? |
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Definition
| hemidesmosomes are attacked, epithelium separates from CT at the basement membrane |
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Term
| What can cicatricial pemphigold be treated with? |
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Definition
| a topical or systemic corticosteriod |
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Term
| What is Bullous Pemphigold similar to? How are they dissimilar? |
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Definition
-similer to mucous membrane pemphigold
-dissimilar because autoantibodies are circulating and do not correlate with disease activity
-oral lesions are less common |
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Term
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Definition
| chronic, recurrent autoimmune disease |
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Term
| What are the symptoms of Behcet Syndrome? |
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Definition
| oral ulcers, genital ulcers, ocular inflammation |
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Term
| What happens in Behcet Syndrome? |
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Definition
| antibodies form against human mucosa, may be genetic or caused from a virus |
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Term
| When is a diagnosis of Behcet Syndrome made? How is it treated? |
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Definition
-diagnosis made when 2 of the 3 symptoms are present
-treatment based on symptoms(topical or systemic corticosteroids) |
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Term
| What is rheumatoid arthritis? |
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Definition
| affects the synovium lining joints |
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Term
|
Definition
| affects the fibrous intercellular tissue |
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Term
|
Definition
-precipitated by A streptococcal pharyngitis.
-antibodies produced against the strept attack heart and joints |
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Term
| What is Hashimoto's Thyroiditis? |
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Definition
-endocrine disorder
-antithyroid antibodies block production of thyroid hormones |
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Term
| What is Myasthenia gravis? |
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Definition
| antibodies block transmission of nerve signals to muscles |
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Term
| What is multiple sclerosis? |
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Definition
| myelin sheath covering nerves replaced by inflammatory cells impairing nerve conduction |
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