Term
| What cells make antibodies? |
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Definition
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Term
| What cells specifically engulf bacteria? |
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Definition
| Macrophages and Neutrophils |
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Term
| What cells fine tune and control the immune response? |
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Definition
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Term
| What cells will seek out and destroy all types of foreign invaders? |
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Definition
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Term
| What cells are lymphocytes? |
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Definition
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Term
| What cells are phagocytes? |
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Definition
| Macrophages and Neutrophils |
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Term
| What cells are white blood cells? |
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Definition
| Macrophages, Neutrophils, B cells & T cells |
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Term
| What cells are made in the bone marrow? |
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Definition
| Macrophages, Neutrophils, B cells & T cells |
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Term
| What cells are involved in a GENERAL response against pathogens? |
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Definition
| Macrophages and Neutrophils |
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Term
| What cells are involved in a SPECIFIC response against a SPECIFIC pathogen? |
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Definition
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Term
| What immune system organs prepare white blood cells for their encounters with antigens? |
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Definition
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Term
| What filters and traps pathogens? (White blood cells are often found hanging out here.) |
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Definition
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Term
| What do you call a protein made by a B cell that has a specific shape that fits a specific antigen? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is another name for a disease-causing organism? |
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Definition
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Term
| Getting a vaccine is an example of what kind of immunity? |
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Definition
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Term
| A mother passing on antibodies to her child through breastfeeding is an example of what kind of immunity? |
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Definition
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Term
| Explain why active immunity has longer-lasting effects than passive immunity. |
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Definition
| Because in passive immunity, your immune system eventually destroys the foreign antibodies, but not in active immunity because the foreign antibodies are in the memory B cells' memories. |
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Term
| Explain what phagocytosis is and why it is relevant to the immune system. |
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Definition
| Phagocytosis is where a cell extends its cytoplasm to trap and destroy foreign invaders. This is what happens to the bacteria in the immune system. |
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Term
| Describe the role of plasma cells and memory B cells in the immune response. |
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Definition
| The plasma cells make antibodies, and then divide, which produces memory B cells that are ready to fight the pathogen if it appears again. |
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Term
| What is the immune system's function in the body? |
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Definition
| Fights various infections by producing cells that are specific to the pathogen and that destroy foreign substances or foreign cells. |
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Term
| Name five different types of pathogens. |
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Definition
| Bacteria, Virus, Animal, Protist, Fungi |
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Term
| Name two other causes of disease besides pathogens. |
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Definition
| Radiation, smoke, genetics, environmental factors |
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Term
| What are cilia, and what problem results if you have non-functioning cilia? |
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Definition
| Little hair-like structures that help catch and block pathogens. Your body can no longer sweep out the bad stuff if they aren't functioning. |
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Term
| Which of the four types of immune system cells destroy the particles that cigarette smoke deposits in your respiratory system? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name six other defenses besides cilia that prevent pathogens from gaining entrance to the body. |
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Definition
| Saliva, stomach acid, mucus, skin, body oil, earwax |
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Term
| Describe your second, general line of defense against bacteria. |
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Definition
| Mucus traps organisms and contains an enzyme called lysozyme that destroys the walls of the bacteria. |
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Term
| What type of protists use phagocytosis to trap food? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of white blood cells use phagocytosis to trap pathogens and foreign substances? |
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Definition
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Term
| How are macrophages and neutrophils the same? |
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Definition
| They both destroy things that are harmful to the body. |
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Term
| How are macrophages and neutrophils different? |
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Definition
| Macrophages take in ALL types of foreign invaders and dead cells, and neutrophils destroy just bacteria. |
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Term
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Definition
| Protein that has a specific shape that grabs onto a specific pathogen. |
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Term
| Where are antibodies made? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do antigens and antibodies interact? |
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Definition
| Antigen binds to antibodies and they clump together and disable the pathogen. |
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Term
| Describe two roles of T cells in the immune response. |
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Definition
1. Control/fine tune the immune response.
2. Make chemical signals that prime or suppress other immune cells. |
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Term
| How many different types of antibodies can a healthy adult produce? |
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Definition
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Term
| When someone is first exposed to a pathogen, what is the first step in a specific immune response against that pathogen? |
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Definition
| The plasma cells make antibodies specific against the pathogen. |
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Term
| When an antigen binds with the antibody on the surface of a B cell for the first time, what happens to the B cell? What type of cells does it form? |
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Definition
| It grows and divides, forming plasma cells. |
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Term
| Describe the difference between a plasma cell and a memory B cell. |
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Definition
| Plasma cells make the antibodies, and memory B cells remember how to make them for future reference. |
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Term
| Why does your immune system recognize and destroy a pathogen more easily after you are exposed to the pathogen once? |
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Definition
| Because once it can make the antibody, it's ready to go if it sees the pathogen again. |
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Term
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Definition
| Dead or weakened forms of bacteria or viruses. |
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Term
| When you receive a vaccine, is it against one specific pathogen or many different pathogens? |
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Definition
| Against many different pathogens, because when the vaccine is injected, it causes the immune system to create plasma cells, which produce different types of antibodies. |
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Term
| How do vaccines make a person immune to a pathogen? |
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Definition
| They stimulate the production of plasma cells that can make antibodies against the pathogen. |
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Term
| Give two examples of passive immunity. |
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Definition
| Through breastfeeding, across the placenta. |
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Term
| What are two ways bacteria can produce illness? |
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Definition
1. Breaking down the infected organism's tissue for food.
2. Releasing toxins that harm the body. |
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