Term
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Definition
General protiective mecanisms (skin etc)
Natural acquired immunity |
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Term
| What is adaptive immunity? |
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Definition
Develops during gestation or after birth
Immunity acquired through vaccinations. Cellular immunity and humoral immunity through mucus secretions. |
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Term
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Definition
Own immune system,
Respones to disease or vaccine.
Produced by a person's own immune system in response to an antigen. Vaccines and toxoids used |
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Term
| What is passive immunity? |
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Definition
Antibodies formed by another person's immune system and then transferred to the host.
Ex: infant is normally protected for several months by maternal antibodies receivedthrough the placenta.
Short term, lasting only few weeks or months. |
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Term
| What is the action of immune cells? |
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Definition
| Are WBC's that are activated by the exposure to an antigen. Major component of host defense. Engulf pathogens, promote inflammation, and vasodialation. |
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Term
| What would a high lymphocyte count indicate? |
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Definition
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Term
| What would a high neutrophil count indicate? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
WBC's in the bloodstream
Body's main defense against pathogenic bacteria.
They arrive at the site of injury within 90min.
These go up right away when you have an infection. |
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Term
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Definition
| WBC's that puts off histamine that causes inflammation |
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Term
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Definition
Increased in number and activity during;
allergic reactions and parasitic infections |
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Term
| What do Eosinophils do during a parasitic infection? |
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Definition
| They bind to and kill the parasite |
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Term
| What do Eosinophils do during an allergic reaction? |
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Definition
| They produce enzymes that inactivate histamine and leokotrienes and may produce other enzymes to destroy antigens. |
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Term
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Definition
They are the largest WBC's.
Arrive several hours after injury and usually replace neutrophils as the predominate WBC within 48hrs.
Instrumental in phagocytosis
Lifespn is longer than neutrophils'
They can leave the blood vessels and enter tissue spaces and are then called tissue macrophages. |
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Term
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Definition
Recognize, capture, an ingest antigens.
are surface macrophages found in peripheral lymphoid and other tissues through which antigens enter the body. (skin, mucosa, bronchial airways). Their main function is presentation of antigen T lymphocytes which activate T cells and initiates the adaptive immune response. |
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Term
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Definition
The main immune cells and those in tissue are equal with those in the blood.
There are three types, NK, T-Cells, and B-Cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cause anitbodies to be produced. Have protections on their cell membrane surfaces that act as receptors for antigens. They must be activated by antigens before they can fulfill their immune functions. Originate in stem cells in the bone marrow. |
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Term
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Definition
| Produce antibodies after initial stimulation of T-Cells |
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Term
| What are the two agents for active immunity? |
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Definition
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Term
| What diseases are vaccines used for? |
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Definition
| Influenzae, Hep A and B, HPV, Measles, Mumps, and rubella, Meningitis, Pneumococcal polyvalent, Poliomyelitis (IPV), Rabies, Retrovirus, Tuberculosis, Varicella Zoster |
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Term
| What diseases are Toxoids given for? |
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Definition
| DTaP (diptheria, tetanus, and pertussis), Polio, Hep B Immune globulin, Human(HBIG), (Ig;IGIM), globulin, Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), Rh (D), VZIF |
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Term
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Definition
Bacterial toxins or products modified to destroy toxicity but retain antigenic properties.
Not permanent or boosters are required.
EXP Tetnas and Pertusis |
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Term
| What is the agent for passive immunity? |
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Definition
| Serums from immune people |
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Term
| What disease are serums used for? |
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Definition
| Hep B surface antigen (HBsAg). Also: cytomegalovirus (CMV), hepa (ITP) Idiopathic thrombocytopenic, Rabies, RSV, ThoGAN, Tenanis, and veracella zoster. |
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Term
| What disease are hyper immune serums used for? |
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Definition
| Cytomegalovirus, Hep B, Rabies, Rubella, Tetanus, Varicella Zoster (shingles), and respiratory syntactical virus infections. |
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Term
| What is a hematopoietic Agent? |
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Definition
| Epoetin Alfa is an example...they are given to stimulate the production of RBC |
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Term
| What is a colony stimulating factor? |
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Definition
| drugs that stimulate bone marrow blood cell production |
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Term
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Definition
"interfere" with the ability of the viruses in infected cells to replicate and spread.
They attack viruses, activate natural killer cells by inhibiting replication of viral and other cells. Interferon activates natural killer cells and interferes with the ability of viruses to grow and spread. It does not have anti-inflammatory actions. They interfere with the affected cells ability to reproduce. |
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Term
| What are the actions and adverse effects of Interferon beta 1B? |
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Definition
| Used for MS...it prolongs remissions, and reduces the severity of relapses. Adverse effects are flu-like symptoms. |
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Term
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Definition
| Adequate blood cell production and development |
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Term
| Impaired hematopoiesis leads to |
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Definition
| high risk for infection, cancer |
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Term
| What are the interferons and interleukins thought to do for cancer? |
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Definition
| Enhance immune cell activity |
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Term
| Effect of colony stimulating factor (CSF) on erythrocytes |
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Definition
Stimulate the production of RBC's platelets, granulocytes & macrophages.
And bone marrow blood cell production thus strengthening immune function |
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Term
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Definition
Involves administraion of an antigen to induce antibody formation.
Indicates Host protection from a disease |
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Term
| What does the immune system do? |
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Definition
Detects and eliminates foreign substances that may cause tissue injury or disease.
Regulates tissue homeostasis and repair.
--Immune system cells identify and remove injured, damaged, dead, or malignant cells. |
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Term
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Definition
is the Most abundant antibody that is protective against bacteria, viruses and toxins.
It crosses the placenta to provide passive immunity to the newborn. |
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Term
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Definition
Main Ig in mucous membranes and body secretions.
Antibodies in tears |
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Term
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Definition
Acts only in the bloodstream.
Protects against bacteria, toxins, and viruses that gain access to the bloodstream. |
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Term
| Contraindications for administering a live vaccine? |
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Definition
| severe immunosuppression, Allergies, Neoplastic disorders (cancer) |
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Term
| Best source for up-to-date immunization guidelines |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| by 4-6 years of age , and then annually |
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Term
Immunostimulants
Filgrastim (Neupogen) |
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Definition
| Colony Stimulating Factor: Increases WBC and decrease risk on infection in patients with or at high risk of severe neutropenia. Used for treatment of chromotherapy-induced neutropenia. |
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Term
Immunostimulats
Epoetin alfa (Epogen) |
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Definition
| Is a Hematopoitic Agent: Increases RBC production. Adverse effects: increased risks of hypertension, myocardial infarction, and stroke. Will also need to take iron. Treatment of chemotherapy-induced anemia. Stimulate the bone marrow to produce RBC. |
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Term
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Definition
| used to prevent rejection reactions and prolong graft survival after solid orga transplantation or to treat chronic rejection in patients previously treated with other immunosuppressive agents. action: Inhibits both cellular and humoral immunity but affects T-lymphocytes more than B-lymphocytes |
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Term
| Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) |
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Definition
| Used for Hodgkin's disease; non Hodgkin's lymphomas, leukemiasl; cancer of the breast, lung, ovary; multiple myeloma; neuroblastoma. Adverse effcts: Bone marrow depression, nausea, vomiting, alopecia, hemorrhagic cystitis, hypersensitivity reactions, secondary leukemia or bladder cancer. |
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Term
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Definition
| is a folate antagonist. Blocks folate and enzymes needed for cancer cell preproduction. Used to treat cancer. Must monitor CBC, Platelet counts, and renal and liver function. Adverse effects: Bone marrow depression, nausea, vomiting, mucositis. Cytotoxic drug. Must take Vitamin B12. |
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Term
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Definition
| Rescue after high-dose methotrexate for osteosarcoma. Also used for advanced colorectal cancer. Protects normal cells. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Other uses for immunosuppressant drugs besides cancer therapy |
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Definition
| Transplant rejection, Crohns disease, Rheumatoid arthritis. |
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Term
| Adverse effects of immunosuppressant therapy |
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Definition
| Interfere with production/function of immune cells, decrease undesirable immune response. |
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Term
| Main use for interferon therapy |
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Definition
| Chronic hepatitis C...prevents it from multiplying |
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Term
| Rational for using multiple chemotherapeutic agents: |
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Definition
| To hit the cell at different points with differing cellular action |
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Term
| Adverse effect of anti-estrogen chemotherapeutic agents |
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Definition
| Increased risk of blood clots or stroke, vaginal bleeding, an muscle cramps |
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Term
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Definition
| used in Breast cancer and propylyaxis. Action: Binds with estrogen receptors decreased estrogen stimulation for growth of maliganant cells. Adverse effects: Hot flashes, nausea, vomiting, risk for endometrial cancer. |
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Term
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Definition
| developed during gestation or after birth |
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Term
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Definition
| control reproduction, growth, and differentiation of stem cells and CFU's limited to antigen activated lympocytes. |
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Term
| ____ and ____ blood cells originatein one marrow n stem cells often called pluripotet stem cells because they have the ability to become different types of cells |
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Definition
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Term
| ____ growth factors or ___ control the reproduction, growth and differentiation of stem cells and colony-forming units |
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Definition
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Term
| Cytokies are involved in numerous physiologic responses; |
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Definition
| Hematopoiesis, cellular proliferaton, differentiatin, inflammatio would healing and immunity. |
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Term
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Definition
Stimulate growth of stem cell precursors of all blood cells
Stimulates T & B lymphocytes |
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Term
Body's defense mechanisms
Intact Skin |
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Definition
| Prevents foregn substance entry |
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Term
Body's defense mechanisms
Mucous membranes |
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Definition
Produces secretions that inhibit microbial growth.
Secretions containing enzymes that kill some bacteria.
Respiratory system traps foreign substace and expels(cough,sneeze) |
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Term
Body's defense mechanisms
What are the 5 body defense mechanisms? |
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Definition
Intact Skin
Mucous Membranes
Normal Flora
Cellulary injury prduces inflammation
Immune response. |
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Term
Body's defense mechanisms
Normal Flora prevents? |
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Definition
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Term
Body's defense mechanisms
Cellular injury produces inflammation and attempts to remove what three things? |
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Definition
damaging agent
repair tiss
WBC's |
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Term
Body's defense mechanisms
Immune response stimulates production of ____? |
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Definition
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Term
Cellular & Humoral Immunity
Cellular immunity |
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Definition
| Involving T lymphocytes in body tissue |
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Term
Cellular & Humoral Immunity
Humoral immunity |
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Definition
| Involving B lymphocytes and antibodies in blood |
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Term
Cellular & Humoral Immunity
Both types are closely____? |
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Definition
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