Term
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Definition
| Skin, phagocytes, natural killer cells |
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Term
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Definition
| Barrier to microbes or environmental hazards |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Two major divisions of immune system |
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Definition
Antibody-mediated (humoral)
Cell-Mediated |
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Term
| Lack of immune response equals? |
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Definition
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Term
| Excess Immune response may lead to? |
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Definition
| Allergic Reaction or Immune disorders |
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Term
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Definition
| Immunity that is physically manifested within the individual. Takes time to take effect, but last long |
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Term
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Definition
| Received from mother's milk, short lasting |
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Term
| Antibody-Mediated Immunity is initiated how? |
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Definition
| When antigen encounters B Cell. B cell is activated and divides becoming plasma cell |
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Term
| What do Plasma cells secrete |
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Definition
| Antibodies (immunoglobulins) |
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Term
| What are memory B cells capable of |
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Definition
| Speeding up future defense against a known specific antigen |
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Term
| What cells initiate the Cell-Mediated immunity |
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Definition
| Helper T cells (CD4 receptor) |
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Term
| What do Helper t cells do |
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Definition
| Activate most other immune cells |
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Term
| What do Cytotoxic Tcells (CD8 receptor) do |
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Definition
| Travel through body, killing bacteria, parasites, viruses, cancer cells |
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Term
| T cells secrete what substance |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Hormone like protein that regulate intensity and duration of immune response |
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Term
| What is the function of Cytokines? |
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Definition
| Mediate cell to cell communitcation |
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Term
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Definition
| Interferon, Interleukins, and perforin |
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Term
| Vaccine that contains killed or deactivated microbes |
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Definition
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Term
| Vaccine that contains microbes that have been weakened (attenuated) |
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Definition
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Term
| Vaccines that contain partial microbe componenets |
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Definition
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Term
| How do you assess effectiveness of a vaccine. |
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Definition
| Blood test, checking a titer. |
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Term
| High risk groups that require vaccines |
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Definition
| Very young, old, high exposure to people, chronic diseases, and those who take immunosuppressant meds |
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Term
| How long are tetanus shots good for |
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Definition
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Term
| What should you inform the pt of in regards to a tetanus shot |
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Definition
Injection site will be sore
May run fever for 24hrs
Tylenol, tylenol, tylenol |
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Term
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Definition
| Biological response modifiers |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Interferon Alfa used for? |
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Definition
| Hiv pts to combat opportunistic infections |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Increases B cell and plasma cell production and promote inflammation |
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Term
| What are interleukins contraindicated with? |
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Definition
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Term
| Nursing implications for immunostimulants |
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Definition
Keep well hydrated
assess for encephalopathy
May interfere with BCPs
No pregnant woman |
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Term
| DRUG!!! Echinacea actions? |
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Definition
Increase phagocytosis
Inhibit the enyzyme hyaluronidase |
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Term
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Definition
| Colds and other viral infections |
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Term
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Definition
| Upset stomach, nausea, dizziness, and can worsen asthma |
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Term
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Definition
| Can't prevent colds and haven't been proven to shorten the course of colds or flu |
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Term
| Echinacea nursing implications |
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Definition
| Don't take on an empty stomach and take with food or a large glass of water |
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Term
| Most common type of immune response to transplanted organ |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Inhibit T cells
Block antibody production by B cells |
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Term
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Definition
Prevent transplant rejection
Suppress bone marrow |
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Term
| Classes of Immunosuppressants |
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Definition
| Glucocorticoids, antimetabolites, antibodies, and calcineurin inhibitors. |
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Term
| Immunosuppressant Prototypes |
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Definition
| Cytoxan, Methotrexate, cyclosporine |
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Term
| Immunosuppressant Nursing Imp's |
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Definition
Watch for infection
reverse isolation
watch cbc, temp
May interfer with BCP's |
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Term
| What is inflammation and what does it result in? |
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Definition
| Vascular reaction that results in a deliver of fluid, dissolved substances, and cells from the blood into the interstitial space |
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Term
| Acute inflammatory Response |
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Definition
Immediate response
Nonspecific
Short lived |
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Term
| Acute inflammatory response S/S |
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Definition
| Redness, edema, warmth, pain, fever |
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Term
|
Definition
Histamine
Plasma proteases
prostaglandins
leukotrienes
Platelets |
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Term
|
Definition
| Analgesic, Antipyretic, and Anti-inflammatory |
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Term
|
Definition
| Decrease prostaglandin synthesis COX-1 and/or COX-2 |
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Term
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Definition
| Mild to moderate inflammation/pain |
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Term
| Example of Selective NSAID |
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Definition
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Term
| Ex. of Nonselective NSAID |
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Definition
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Term
| CREATE CARDS P.469 SELECTIVE VS. NONSELECTIVE |
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Definition
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Term
| What should a pt do prior to NSAID admin |
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Definition
| Take nonselectives w/ food to decrease GI distress |
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Term
| What age should ibuprofen not be given |
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Definition
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Term
| What disease processes can NSAIDS make worse |
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Definition
| CHF, HTN, and bleeding disorders |
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Term
| ARE NSAIDS safe for pregnancy? |
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Definition
| Not safe in pregnancy or lactation |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Increase bleeding tendencies, increase BS, diarrhea, GI discomfort, rash |
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Term
| Fish oil Research has shown? |
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Definition
| improvements in morning stiffness & joint tenderness especially when combines with an NSAID |
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Term
|
Definition
| Suppress histamine and other prostaglandins, inhibits COX 2, SUPPRESS PHAGOCYTOSIS AND LYMPHOCYTES |
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Term
|
Definition
| Severe inflammation, asthma, Cancer, arthritis |
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Term
| Glucocorticoid Drug examples |
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Definition
| Prednisone, decadron, celestron |
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Term
| Nursing imp Glucocorticoids |
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Definition
Take w/ food
Reverse isolation
monitor blood sugar and bp
don't give if already sick |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Reduce fever by direct action at level of hypothalamus and dilation of peripheral blood vessels
Enables sweating and dissipation of heat |
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Term
| How often can Tylenol and motrin be given |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What two organs does tylenol affect |
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Definition
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Term
| Can antipyretics be given as a suppository? |
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Definition
| Yes, for faster reduction of fever |
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Term
| What should the nurse tell a parent whose child has a fever above 101? |
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Definition
| Tell the parent to give Tylenol or Motrin and bring the child in. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Organism that can cause disease |
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Term
| What two ways do pathogens cause disease |
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Definition
Divide rapidly to overcome body defenses
Secrete toxins Disrupting normal cell function |
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Term
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Definition
| Ability of organism to cause infection |
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Term
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Definition
Measure of disease producing potential
Highly virulent pathogen can cause disease when present in small numbers |
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Term
Shapes of Bacteria
Bacilla
Cocci
Spirilla |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
| Is it ok to prophylacticly use antibiotics? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What shouldn't be done with antibiotics |
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Definition
Use with viral infections
Early d/c
Stored improperly
Shared |
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Term
| What should the nurse do prior to initiating antibiotic therapy |
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Definition
| Deteremine causative agent causing infection |
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Term
| Other Nursing imps for Anti-infectives |
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Definition
Must give at scheduled time
Monitor lab work
Know whether it needs to be taken on an empty or full stomach
INcrease fluids |
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Term
| What was the first mass produced antibiotic |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| DOC against strep, pneumococci, gonorrhea, syphillis, and staph organisms that do not produce penicillanase |
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Term
|
Definition
Penicillinase resistent
Broad Spectrum
Extended Spectrum |
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Term
| Penicillinase-resistant Ex. |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| Cephalosporins prototype drug |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| STD's, RTI's, UTI's and prophylactically for osteomyelitis |
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Term
| How many generations of Cephalosporins are there and what are the changes? |
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Definition
| 4 generations with each subsequent generation Increasing in activity against gram – organisms & anaerobes w/ each generation |
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Term
| 4th generation Cephalosporin is effective against what? |
|
Definition
| gram + cocci & gram - bacilli |
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Term
| What shouldn't be given with Cephalosporins |
|
Definition
| Antacids, H2 blockers, and Iron supplements |
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|
Term
| What is the bare minimum amount of time cephalosporins can be used? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What should be monitored while on Cephalosporins |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What should be assess prior to giving any cephalosporin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why should alcohol be avoided on cephalosporins |
|
Definition
| Could create an antabuse like reaction |
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Term
|
Definition
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