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Definition
| Substance that stimulates antibody formation, has the ability to bind to an antibody. |
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Definition
| A foreign molecule capable of provoking an immune response, called antigenic determinants or epitopes. |
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Definition
| The small part of an antigen recognized in the immune response, the part of the antigen that binds with the antibody. |
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Definition
Antigens are held to the antibody's combining site by non-covalent bonds. These bonds are reversible and include;
Hydrogen bonds
Electrostatic bonds
Van der Waals forces
Hydrophobic bonds |
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Definition
| The ability of a particular antibody to combine with one antigen instead of another. |
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Definition
| The ability of a particular antibody to bind two or more antigens that have a common epitope. Occurs with antigens that are structurally similar, binding is not as strong. |
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Definition
| initial force of attraction, attraction strength depends on specificity of an antibody for a particular antigen. |
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Definition
| The strength in which a multivalent antibody binds with a multivalent antigen. |
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| Factors affecting reactions |
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Definition
pH - optimum pH is 7.0
Temperature
Incubation time |
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Definition
| Point of equal antigen and antibody which yeilds the greatest reaction. |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| are highly specific antibodies that react only with the antigen that caused their production, cloned from a single cell to bind to a single specific antigen. |
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Term
| Uses of monoclonal antibodies |
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Definition
typing erythrocyte antigens
typing leukocyte antigens
as a reagent |
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Term
| Serological Samples: Collection |
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Definition
| use universal blood and body fluid precautions. Obtain blood sample from patient using aseptic technique. |
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Term
| Serological samples: Preservation |
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Definition
| Allow blood to clot at room temperature or in refrigerator (dep. on SOP) Centrifuge blood for 10 minutes at moderate speed. Place serum into an appropriately labeled tube that can be sealed. Serum should not be hemolyzed or contaminated with RBCs, testing should be done promptly or freeze the serum at -20C |
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Term
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Definition
Heat serum at 56C for 30 minutes
If serum has not been used within 4 hours reheat serum at 56C for 10 minutes. |
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Term
| What is the strenght of a multivalent antibody to bind to a multivalent antigen? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the bond between a single antigenic determinant (epitope) and an individual combining site? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the principle behind antigen and antibody binding? |
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Definition
| Structural specificity or Lock & Key |
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Term
| How are antigens held to the antibody's combining site? |
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Definition
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Term
| In this type of reaction an antibody combines with only one or two antigen-binding sites, and no cross-linking occurs. |
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Definition
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Term
| In this type of reaction antibodies are able to bind every antigen-binding site before any cross-linking can occur. |
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Definition
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