Term
| In a true AP forearm at the distal end, what is demonstrated laterally? |
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Definition
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Term
| In an AP forearm the 1st and 2nd metacarpals bases and carpal bones begin to superimpose and you are able to see the medial metacarpals and carpals better, what error occurred? |
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Definition
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Term
| If your elbow is rotated externally but wrist remains AP what will happen to the ulnar styloid? |
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Definition
| It will be demonstrated in profile medially |
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Term
| If your elbow is flexed how will you detect the flexion? |
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Definition
| The greater the elbow flexion, the farther the olecranon process is away from the fossa. The fossa will demonstrate clearly |
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Term
| When the elbow is extended what joint is open? |
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Definition
| The capitulum-radial joint is opened |
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Term
| When an AP elbow Is rotated externally, what detection indicates the error? |
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Definition
| The radius and ulna superimpose less than .25 inch |
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Term
| Where will the superior angle of the scapula be located on the anteriorly tilted midcoronal plane? |
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Definition
| Superior to the mid clavicle |
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Term
| What is seen if the angle of the tube is too small on the inferosuperior axial shoulder? |
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Definition
| Glenoid fossa surface will be demonstrated |
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Term
| How would you view a hills sach’s fracture? |
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Definition
| Perform an extreme external rotation of the humerus with the epicondyles rolled 45 degrees (externally) |
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Term
| In an AP humerus the epicondyles are not demonstrated in profile, the radius and ulna demonstrate with no superimposition, what error occurred? |
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Definition
| The humerus was positioned OVER externally rotated |
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Term
| In AP Forearm the ulnar styloid projected distally to what? |
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Definition
| midline of the ulnar head |
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Term
| In AP forearm, what happens to the ulnar styloid when the elbow is rotated INTERNALLY but the wrist remains AP and how do you fix it? |
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Definition
| The ulnar styloid is demonstrated laterally next to the radius. To fix, rotate the elbow externally until humeral epicondyles are parallel to IR. |
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Term
| In a lateral forearm, what happens to the radial head when the proximal humerus is elevated? |
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Definition
| The radial head will demonstrate posterior to the coronoid process. |
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Term
| In an AP elbow, MORE than 0.25 inch of radial head is superimposed over the ulna, the epicondyles are not in profile on the extreme lateral edges, and the coronoid process is seen medially. What was the error? |
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Definition
| The elbow was slightly internally rotated. |
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Term
| In AP elbow, when humerus is parallel to IR, what would change the position of the radial tuberosity? |
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Definition
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Term
| In AP elbow, the radius and ulna are crossed. What positioning error was made? |
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Definition
| The hand was being pronated. |
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Term
| In AP shoulder, the thorax is superimposed over the superolateral scapular reigon, the glenoid cavity is more in profile, the clavicle is longitudinally foreshortened, and the clavicle end shifted away from the spine. What error was made? |
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Definition
| The shoulder was rotated TOWARD the affected side. |
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Term
| In an AP external rotated shoulder, what is seen in profile laterally? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens with the glenoid cavity when there is insufficient rotation or obliquity in an AP Oblique projection? |
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Definition
| The articulating surface of the glenoid cavity is demonstrated. |
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Term
| In an AP humerus, the greater tubercle is not in profile, epicondyles are not in profile, and there is NO superimposition of radial head and tuberosity, and ulna. What is the positioning error? |
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Definition
| The humerus and elbow are externally over rotated. |
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Term
| If there is trauma to the distal end of the humerus which position should be used?? |
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Definition
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Term
| 2. What position is the shoulder in if the greater tubercle is seen in profile laterally and the humeral head in profile medially? |
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Definition
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Term
| 3. If the superior scapular angle is demonstrated superior to the mid clavicle, the mid coronal plane is tilted which way? |
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Definition
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Term
| Epicondyles should be parallel to the IR in a ______________ rotation of the Ap shoulder? |
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Definition
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Term
| 5. While attempting a lateral projection of a forearm the pisiform is visible with little superimposition. In which direction is the forearm and hand rotated? |
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Definition
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Term
| 6. In a true AP forearm the radial head should be superimposed over the lateral aspect of the proximal ulna by approximately ____ Inches? |
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Definition
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Term
| 7. Regarding the AP forearm, how much longer, minimally, should the image receptor plate be to include both joints? |
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Definition
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Term
| 8. When doing an AP elbow, the coronoid process seen medially and more than .25 in or radial head is superimposed over the ulna, what error occured? |
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Definition
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Term
| 9. While doing an external oblique elbow, what error occured if the radial tuberosity is no longer demonstrated in profile? |
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Definition
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Term
| 10. When trying to do a true lateral elbow, what happens when the radial head is positioned too far posteriorly from the coronoid process? |
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Definition
| The proximal humerus is elevated |
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Term
| When positioning for a distal AP forearm, what should be in profile laterally? |
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Definition
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Term
| 2. What is the error for a distal forearm when the 1st and 2nd metacarpal bases and lateral carpal bones are superimposed? |
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Definition
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Term
| What will occur when you pronate the hand on an AP forearm? |
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Definition
| ULNA AND RADIUS WILL CROSS PROXIMALLY |
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Term
| What is demonstrated when the elbow is flexed on an AP elbow? |
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Definition
| OLECRANON PROCESS MOVES AWAY FROM OLECRANON FOSSA |
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Term
| True or False. In order to see fat pads adequately, the elbow must be in a true lateral position. |
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Definition
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Term
| 3. True or False. In a lateral elbow, if the proximal humerus is elevated, the radial head is positioned too far anteriorly from the coronoid process. |
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Definition
| FALSE/ SHOULD BE POSTERIORLY |
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Term
| 1. What AP shoulder view would demonstrate the greater tubercle in profile laterally and has the humeral head in profile medially? |
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Definition
| EXTERNALLY ROTATE HUMERUS (with epicondyles parallel to the IR) |
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Term
| How is the midcoronal plane tilted when the superior scapular angle is inferior to the midclavicle? |
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Definition
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Term
| Are your epicondyles perpendicular or parallel to the IR for and externally rotated shoulder? |
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Definition
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Term
| for a trauma patient (patient with a fracture), what view would best demonstrate the proximal humerus? |
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Definition
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Term
| An image of a lateral forearm demonstrates the pisiform visible with minimal superimposition and the ulna more anterior to the radius. What positioning error occurred? |
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Definition
| The distal forearm was externally rotated |
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Term
| . An AP projection of the forearm that is demonstrated with internal rotation, will demonstrate which of the following? |
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Definition
| Medial metacarpals and carpals (pisiform and hamulus) are better demonstrated |
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Term
| When performing the AP projection of the forearm the ulnar styloid is demonstrated in profile medially when: |
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Definition
| The elbow is rotated externally but wrist remains AP |
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Term
| What position should be used to replace the internal oblique when extending the elbow is not an option? |
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Definition
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Term
| In an image of a lateral elbow the radial head is positioned too far posteriorly from the coronoid process. What positioning error occurred? |
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Definition
| The proximal humerus was elevated |
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Term
| If the hand and wrist is pronated on a lateral elbow the radial tuberosity will be demonstrated in profile on the superior aspect of the radius. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What trauma position is used for the proximal humerus? |
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Definition
The Lawrence method (transthoracic)
If dealing with a patient with a dislocation, shoulder Y is BEST |
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Term
| In an AP external rotation shoulder the greater tubercle is seen in profile partially |
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Definition
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Term
| If the patient is tilted posteriorly where will the superior scapula be located? |
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Definition
| Inferior to the midclavicle |
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Term
| What is the best position to visualize the glenoid cavity/fossa in profile? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens when you flex your elbow while taking a radiograph of a forearm with an AP Projection? |
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Definition
| The olecranon process moves away from the olecranon fossa and the coronoid shifts proximally. |
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Term
| When you externally rotate the wrist slightly on a forearm with an AP projection what will happen? |
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Definition
| the fourth and fifth metacarpal bases and carpal bones will be superimposed while the lateral metacarpals and carpal bones will demonstrate less superimposition. |
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Term
| What is the criteria analysis for a lateral projection of the forearm? |
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Definition
| The anterior aspect of the distal scaphoid and pisiform are aligned with each other, the distal radius and ulna are superimposed, the elbow joint space is open, and the radial head is superimposed over the coronoid process. |
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Term
| What would be shown if an external oblique elbow was under rotated? |
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Definition
| The ulna and radius would be less than .25 inches superimposed. |
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Term
| If the elbow is slightly flexed in an internal oblique projection of the elbow what would be the error? |
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Definition
| The olecranon process moves away from the olecranon fossa, the coracoid shifts proximally, and the humerus and forearm are foreshortened. |
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Term
| 3. What error demonstrates the elbow in lateral position and the radial head appearing posterior from the coronoid process? |
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Definition
| The proximal humerus is elevated. |
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Term
| What is demonstrated in the AP projection of an internally rotated shoulder? |
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Definition
| The lesser tubercle is in profile medially, the humeral head is superimposed by the greater tubercle, and the epicondyles are perpendicular to the IR. |
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Term
| What is demonstrated in a neutral rotation shoulder with an AP projection? |
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Definition
| The greater tubercle is partially in profile laterally and the epicondyles are at a 45 degree angle to the IR. |
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Term
| What is seen in the AP projection of an externally rotated shoulder? |
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Definition
| The greater tubercle is in profile laterally, the humeral had is in profile medially, cortical outline of the lesser tubercle is visible approximately to the mid-humeral head and the epicondyles are parallel to the IR. |
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Term
| True or False: In an AP projection humerus the lesser tubercle is demonstrated in profile laterally |
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Definition
| The greater tubercle is demonstrated in profile laterally. |
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Term
| On an AP forearm, what type of rotation occurs when the 1st and 2nd metacarpal bases and carpal bones are superimposed? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| On a true AP forearm, what is in profile laterally? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| On an AP forearm, if the elbow is rotated internally, but the wrist remains AP where is the ulnar styloid demonstrated? |
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Definition
| laterally next to the radius |
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|
Term
| In a true AP elbow, if the coronoid process is seen in profile medially, what error has occurred? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| In an AP elbow, what position is the elbow when the olecranon process is situated within the olecranon fossa? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| In AP external oblique elbow, if the radial head and tuberosity is still partially superimpose the ulna, what error has occurred? |
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Definition
| elbow is oblique less than 45 degrees |
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|
Term
| True/False? With an AP humerus correctly positioned the greater tubercle is demonstrated in profile laterally? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| . True/False? In an AP shoulder, if patient is rotated away from affected side, the clavicle is longitudinally foreshortened and medial end of clavicle is shift away from spine? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| If dislocation of humerus occurs anteriorly, the humeral head shifts _________________. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| In a PA oblique projection of the shoulder (shoulder Y), what error occurred if the lateral border is demonstrated next to the ribs and the medial border is most external? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| How would you correct a lateral forearm that demonstrates the distal radius anterior to the ulna? |
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Definition
| Externally rotate the hand and the wrist to true lateral projection |
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Term
| 2. In a lateral forearm, if the distal end of capitulum is shown distal to the medial trochlea what error was made? |
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Definition
| The axilla was not positioned against the table and the humerus wasn’t level with the IR. |
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|
Term
| Tin a lateral forearm the ulnar styloid is projecting distal to the midline of the ulnar head |
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Definition
| the patients elbow was not in a lateral projection but was closer to an AP projection. |
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|
Term
| 1. In a true AP shoulder with proper external rotation the greater tubercle is seen in profile laterally.(T/F) |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| 2. In an inferior- superior axial projection, if the angle of tube is too small, what is demonstrated on the image? |
|
Definition
| articulating surface of the glenoid cavity |
|
|
Term
| 3. An image showing the Grashey method (AP oblique projection) image shows humeral head demonstrated, thorax superimposing glenoid, and excessive longitudinal clavicular foreshortening, what is the error? |
|
Definition
| Excessive rotation obliquity |
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|
Term
| 2. In which direction should the elbow be rotated from the AP projection to obtain an AP oblique projection that demonstrates the radial head and ulna without superimposition. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| 3. On the external rotated AP oblique projection a portion of the radial head and tuberosity is superimposed over the ulna. |
|
Definition
| the patients are was rotated less than 45 degrees |
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|
Term
| When imaging the proximal humerus, how can one determine if the humeral epicondyles have been accurately positioned for a lateral humeral projection? |
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Definition
| The lesser tubercle will be in profile medially. |
|
|
Term
| Where does the central ray penetrate for an AP forearm? |
|
Definition
| mid-shaft of forearm bones (radius and ulna) |
|
|
Term
| Is the radial styloid demonstrated laterally or medially in an AP projection of the forearm? |
|
Definition
| laterally (anatomic positioning) |
|
|
Term
| How can you detect rotation in an AP forearm? |
|
Definition
| radial styloid is no longer in profile; distal radius and ulna are superimposed |
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|
Term
| When radiographing an AP elbow, if the radius is crossing the ulna, what must be done to correct the positioning? |
|
Definition
| Hand and arm should be rotated externally until hand is supinated and epicondyles are parallel to IR. |
|
|
Term
| In an AP oblique elbow (external rotation), if the olecranon fossa is demonstrated completely open, what must be done to correct it? |
|
Definition
| Fully extend elbow with epicondyles rotated 45 degrees externally from IR. |
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|
Term
| If radial tuberosity is demonstrate in profile anteriorly in a lateral elbow radiograph, what must be done to correct this? |
|
Definition
| Distal forearm should be internally rotated until wrist is in a lateral position. |
|
|
Term
| For an AP projection of the shoulder, the patient was rotated toward the affected shoulder causing the scapula to be superimposed over the thorax. The clavicle is longitudinally foreshortened. How should the patient be adjusted? |
|
Definition
| Rotate the patient away from into an AP projection. The shoulders positioned equal distances from the IR. |
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|
Term
| For a neutral rotation, How should the patient’s humerus be adjusted? |
|
Definition
| Place the patient’s palm against the thigh. Align the humeral epicondyles at a 45-degree angle to the IR. |
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|
Term
| For an internal rotation,. How should the patient’s humerus be adjusted? |
|
Definition
| Internally rotate the patient’s arm until the epicondyles are aligned perpendicular with the IR. |
|
|
Term
| For an AP projection of the humerus, the patient’s arm was internally rotated causing the humeral epicondyles and the greater tubercle to not be in profile. The radial head and the tuberosity are superimposed more than 0.25 inches of the ulna. How should the patient be adjusted? |
|
Definition
| Externally rotate the arm until the humeral epicondyles are positioned parallel with the IR. |
|
|
Term
| 1. Which of the following could result in the ulnar styloid being demonstrated laterally next to the radius in an AP forearm projection? |
|
Definition
| internal rotation of the elbow |
|
|
Term
| 2. In what projection of the forearm is the anterior aspect of the distal scaphoid and pisiform aligned with each other? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If the radial head is posterior to the coronoid process in a lateral forearm what mistake happened? |
|
Definition
| the proximal humerus was elevated |
|
|
Term
| If the elbow is in AP position and the radius crosses over the ulna, what is the error? |
|
Definition
| The hand and wrist are pronated. |
|
|
Term
| Which parts of the anatomy should be in profile for the AP oblique projection of the elbow with internal rotation? |
|
Definition
| The coronoid process, the trochlear notch, and the medial aspect of the trochlea. |
|
|
Term
| What happens to the capitulum-radial joint when the elbow is flexed for the AP elbow projection |
|
Definition
| The capitulum-radial joint closes |
|
|
Term
| In an internal rotation of the shoulder, the lesser tubercle is demonstrated in profile medially and the humeral head is superimposed by: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| For AP shoulder projection (neutral): The glenoid cavity is almost in profile, with only a small amount of the articulating surface demonstrated, the superolateral border of the scapula is superimposed by the thorax, and the clavicle is longitudinally foreshortened. What was the error? |
|
Definition
| The patient was rotated toward the affected shoulder. |
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|
Term
| In neutral rotation of the shoulder, the epicondyles are ________ to the IR. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 4. Which of the following could result in the extreme radial head and tuberosity being superimposed with the ulna? |
|
Definition
| -humerus and elbow are internally rotated |
|
|
Term
| How do you adjust a lateral forearm with a slight anterior/internal rotation of the wrist? |
|
Definition
| Externally rotate until epicondyles are perpendicular with the image receptor. |
|
|
Term
| On a true lateral forearm, where and how is the ulnar styloid positioned? |
|
Definition
| Sitting with the radius on the posterior aspect within the radius. |
|
|
Term
| On an x-ray of the elbow if the radial head is superimposed over the ulna by more than .25 of an inch, what mistake has happened? |
|
Definition
| The elbow was medially/internally rotated. |
|
|
Term
| What controls whether the radial tuberosity is demonstrated in profile medially, and the radius and ulna appear parallel? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens if the elbow is flexed on an AP elbow? |
|
Definition
| The olecranon process moves away from the olecranon fossa and the distal humerus is forshortened. |
|
|
Term
| When performing an AP of shoulder, and the superior scapular angle appears superior to the clavicle, what is the error that most likely occurred? |
|
Definition
| The upper midcoronal plane is tilted anteriorily. |
|
|
Term
| When detecting shoulder dislocation if and the humeral head shifts under coracoid, what type of dislocation is it? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When doing an AP shoulder, and the humerus is externally rotated what will be visible? |
|
Definition
| Greater tubercle in profile laterally and humeral head in profile medially. |
|
|
Term
| When performing an x-ray of the humerus, what is the projection that will demonstrate the greatest amount of OID? |
|
Definition
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