Arranging

- Producers Responsibility

-  Writing instrument parts

- Written as notation or as simple charts

Song Structure

·      Intro- introduces melody or feel

o   Very important (you know song when played)

·      Verse- often has the same melody and chords as the intro lyrics change from verse to verse

·      Chorus – Has the same music and lyrics each time it occurs

·      Bridge – contrasts in rhythm or mood to res of song. Breaks up repetition

·      Solo – Highlights an instrument. If short, it may be called a Break

·      Outro – may have a unique ending or just fade away 

·      The Classic 3 act paradigm

o   Act 1

§  Hook – grabs the audience’s attention

§  Exposition – tells us the who, what, when, and where

§  Plot Point One – Major event that moves us into 

o   Act 2

§  Midpoint (aka point of no return) – Halfway point in second act

§  Climax – Highest dramatic tension 

o   Act 3 

§  Resolution 

Storyboarding

·      The main images of film or multimedia set up shot by shot in comic book fashion

o   All of storyboards affect the budget

§  Camera angles and movement

§  Special Effects

§  Arrows show movement

§  Lighting

§  What to construct

§  Who’s there (if both parties need to be there)

Characters

Protagonist 

Character that goes through the change

Characters

Antagonist

Binary

Bit 

b

Single Digit

i.e. 0 or 1

Binary 

Byte

B

eight bits

i.e. 10110010

Memory 

ROM

Read Only Memory 

holds data when power is off

Non-volatile (does not need power)

Memory 

RAM

Random Access Memory 

Holds data when power is on

Volatile to Power (needs power)

 - number of cycles per second (the number of waves passing a single point in a specific time)

- measured in Hertz

Pitch Changes

Frequency 

Human Hearing Range

Real Time Analyzer 

used to measure the frequency of sound

1,130 ft per second in the air 

(770 MPH)

Loudness

measured in Decibels (dB)

Amplitude

Human Range

Sound Pressure Level 

Used to measure the amplitude of sound

Every 3 dB increase is double the power

Every 10 dB increase is ten times the power

Waveforms 

Two types of Waveforms

Simple Waves

Complex Waves

Sine 

Triangle

Sawtooth 

Square

- flows in 2 directions

- used for distribution 

- easy to "transform" voltages (i.e. 700,000v to 120v)

 - single phase for residential 

- three phase for commercial 

- Hot - what feeds the 120v

- Neutral 

- Ground 

- requires phantom power (48vdc)

-Wide frequency range

- Expensive

- Fragile 

Condenser Microphone 

(How it works)

two oppositely charged plates create capacitance 

- protection screen

- diaphragm 

- backing plate

- can handle high SPL (sound pressure level)

- Inexpensive

- Tough 

Dynamic Microphone 

(How it works)

-Light Emitting Diode (LED)

-Transformer

-Capacitor

-Resistor 

-Transistor 

-energy efficient

-not run hot (left on for long periods of time)

-bright

-do not burn out

-amplifies, detects, or switches 

-replaced vacuum tube

convert forms of energy 

i.e. microphone speaker, television, and phonographic needle

-flows in 1 direction

-used in electronics

-think batteries 

Power=Watts

Current=Ampa

Electromotive Force=Volts

Resistance=Ohms in DC

Impedance= Ohms in AC

predicted wireless communication as early as 1893

-prototype destroyed in fire in 1895

Patented wireless in 1896

-friend of Thomas Edison 

Frequency of Visible Light

Highest?

Lowest?

Red = lowest frequency 

Violet = Highest frequency 

What affects color?

Frequency?

Amplitude?

amplitude (higher Amp = brighter the color)

Frequency affects the hue of the color (the actual color itself)

Measuring Light

Direct?

Reflected? 

Direct = Lumen

Reflected = Footcandles 

-Red, Green, and Blue

mixed colors

-Cyan, Magenta, and Yellow

center

white (all colors)

-Cyan, Magenta, and Yellow

mixed 

-Red, Blue, and Green 

Center

-Black (no colors)

C = R G B

M = R G B

Y= R G B

C + Y = ?

C + Y = (R G B) + (R G B) = G

G is the answer

Sound 

Compression 

Rarefaction

sound-disturbance in air pressure which is picked up by your ear drum

compression-pushed the ear drum in

rarefaction-pulls it back out

timing difference between 2 waves

measured in degrees

waves interfere

can cancel and/or boost the sound change

two identical waves are 180 degrees out of phase

cancels out

two identical waves in phase

reinforces = makes them louder 

Base 10 System 

how many times more powerful is 120 dB than 80 dB?

10,000

(120-80=40)

"4 zeros after 1"