Term
| which of the fungal infections is most likely to yield cutaneous lesions in healthy ppl? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what do blastomycosis cutaneous lesions look like? |
|
Definition
| well circumscribed verrucous nodules and plaques that progress to microabscesses |
|
|
Term
| where are blastomycosis found |
|
Definition
| midwest, south, mississippi and ohio river valley |
|
|
Term
| what organ systems do bllastomycosis effect? |
|
Definition
lung (mild mod pneumo)
skin (wart like puple nodules and ulcers)
bone (osteomylitis)
protatitis, epididymoorchitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
mild in healthy pts = no tx necessary
moderate disease = oral itraconazole
severe disease or immuncompromised pt = iv amphotericin |
|
|
Term
| first line tx for chemo related nausea and vomit |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how does ondansetron owrk |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what abx can also be used to tx nausea? when do you use it? |
|
Definition
erythromycin
when the nausea is the result of gastroparesis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| first line therapy for menieres |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| classic presentation of menieres disease? |
|
Definition
vertigo
low frequency
sensorineural hearing loss and tinnitus |
|
|
Term
| elevated liver enzymes with normal serological hepatitis Abs etc in pts who DONT drink much |
|
Definition
| usually indicates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease |
|
|
Term
| what causes non alcoholic fatty liver disease? |
|
Definition
| peripheral insulin resistance --> increased lipolysis --> hepatic uptake of fatty acids |
|
|
Term
| hyponatremia and heart failure relationship |
|
Definition
| hyponatremia indicates severe heart failure and "high levels of neurohormonal activity" |
|
|
Term
| how do ACEI affect potassium? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most common initial presentation of digoxin toxicity? |
|
Definition
| anorexia, nausea, vomiting |
|
|
Term
| what durg increases digoxin toxicity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| intact pulses and blue toes? |
|
Definition
| usually after cardiac cath small cholestrol emboli get lodged in small vessels in feet |
|
|
Term
| acid base status in pregnancy |
|
Definition
pregnant women hyperventilate due to progesterone stimulating central respiratory centers
pts are in chronic respiratory alkalosis with metabolic compensation |
|
|
Term
| celiacs disease results in what bone problems |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pathogenesis of osteomalacia in celiacs |
|
Definition
| low vitD --> low Ca and P --> defective osteoid matrix mineralization |
|
|
Term
| what are the other major causes of osteomalacia |
|
Definition
vitD deficiency caused by:
Renal tubular acidosis
hyperparathyroid
bypass sugery
CKD
liver disease |
|
|
Term
| xr findings in osteomalacia |
|
Definition
decreased bone density with thinning of cortex
codfish vertebral bodies
pseudofractures aka "looser zones" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
bone pain
mm weakness
mm cramps
difficulty walking/waddling gait |
|
|
Term
| what lab abnormalities are seen in osteomalacia |
|
Definition
hi AP
hi PTH
lo Ca lo P
lo Urine Ca
lo 25 OH-vit D |
|
|
Term
| what is the electrolyte abnormality in cushings |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| treatment of cat scratch fever |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| organism that causes cat scratch fever |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| development of new ekg abnormality in teh presense of infective endocarditis indicates what? |
|
Definition
| pervalvular abscess with extension in to the conductino system |
|
|
Term
| what lab changes occur in SIADH |
|
Definition
serum osm <290
urin osm > 100
urine Na > 40
hyponatremia |
|
|
Term
| cause of false positive VDRL |
|
Definition
| antiphospholipid antibody syndrome |
|
|
Term
| management of antiphospholipid syndrome in pregnant pt |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most common findings in antiphopholipid syndrome |
|
Definition
miscarriage
prolonged PTT
thrombocytopenia |
|
|
Term
| what vitamin supplementation is required in TB treatment and why |
|
Definition
pyridoxine
isoniazid causes peripheral neuropathy if not given pyridoxine |
|
|
Term
| what causes the eye changes in graves disease |
|
Definition
| periorbital lymphocytic infiltration |
|
|
Term
| what type of arrythmias is lidocaine used for |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
C1 inhibitor deficiency, dysfunction or destruction.
elevated levels of bradykinin and C2b |
|
|
Term
| most common cause of angioedema due to drug |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do we tell the difference between hereditary andioedema and that caused by a medicine? |
|
Definition
| C1q levels will be normal in hereditay angioedema but depressed in acquired forms |
|
|
Term
| angioedema following dental procedure |
|
Definition
| usually first sign of hereditary angioedema |
|
|
Term
| tinnitis, fever, tachypnea, NV after medicine overdose? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| acid base status in aspirin OD |
|
Definition
| respiratory alkalosis + anion gap metabolic acidosis |
|
|
Term
| What is the Na and volume status in pts with high renin, aldo and adh |
|
Definition
| hypotonic hypovolemic hyponatremia |
|
|
Term
| primary mechanism responsible for nitroglycerin decreasing angina sx |
|
Definition
| dilation of capacitance vessels |
|
|
Term
| most common primary intracardiac tumor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| major features of atrial myxoma? |
|
Definition
1. fever
2. wt loss
3. neuro stroke like sx due to emboli
3. mass on echo |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| two interventinos are compared to diagnose a diease and one diagnosis the disease earlier than the other without an effect on the survival outcome. it seems like the intervetion prolongs survival but really just dx earlier |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| type of selectino bias where treatment regimen is selected for a pt based on severity of their condition without taking into accound other possible confounding variables |
|
|
Term
| tumor that causes hi HCG and AFP |
|
Definition
| germ cell tumor (can occur in mediastinum) |
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|
