Term
| MCC of CAP bacterial pneumonia |
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Definition
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Term
| MCC of nosocomial pneumonia |
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Definition
| gram negative rods and staph aureus |
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Term
| penumococcal vaccine is recommended for who? |
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Definition
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Term
| method to differentiate pneumonia and bronchitis |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
mycoplasma
chlamydial pneumoniae
chlamydia psittaci
coxiella burnetti (Q fever)
legionella sp
viruses: influenza A & B, adenovirus, parainfluenza, RSV |
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Term
| normal pulse in the setting of high fever is indicative of |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| pneumocystis varinni and mycobacterium tuberculosis |
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Term
| organ transplant pneumonia |
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Definition
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Term
| what classifies a good sputum specimen for pneumonia |
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Definition
| > 25 PMNs and < 10 epithelial cells per low power field |
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Term
| tset for legionella species |
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Definition
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Term
| first line treatment for CAP < 60 yo |
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Definition
macrolides or doxycycline.
alt = flouroquinolones |
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Term
| first line tx in CAP > 60yo and pts with co-morbidities |
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Definition
2nd/3rd generation cephalosporin.
alt = augmentin, 2nd generation macrolides and flouroquinolones. |
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Term
| definition of lung abscess |
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Definition
| one or more cavities, each > 2cm in diameter |
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Term
| main risk factor for lung abscess |
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Definition
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Term
| foul smelling sputum is indicative of |
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Definition
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Term
| MCC of death due to infection world wide |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| mycobacterium tuberculosis |
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Term
| secondary TB usually manifests where? |
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Definition
| most oxygenated porton of the lung, apical/posterior segments |
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Term
| radiographic findings in TB |
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Definition
Ghon's complex - calcified primary focus
Ranke's complex - calcified primary focus and calcified hilar lymph node |
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Term
| classic CXR findings in TB |
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Definition
upper lobe infiltrates with cavitations,
Gohn complex and Rankes complex |
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Term
treatment of active TB
prophylactic tx for latent TB |
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Definition
active - INH + rifampin, pyrazinamide and ethambutol or steptomycin
prophylactic - isoniazid (INH) |
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Term
| what consitutes a positve PPD reaction |
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Definition
normal population > 15mm
high risk > 10mm
HIV/immunocompromised > 5mm |
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Term
| inability to fully extend knees when pt is uspine with hips flexed (90 degrees) |
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Definition
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Term
| flexion of the legs and thighs that is brought on by passive flexion of the neck |
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Definition
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Term
| viral causes of meningitis |
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Definition
herpes (HSV-1)
arbovirus
enterovirus
less common - measules, mumps, EBV, CMV, VZV, rabies, and prion viruses |
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Term
| most specific and sensitive test for diagnosing many various viral encephalitides |
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Definition
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Term
| imaging study of choice to dx encephalitis |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
Hep B is associated with
Hep C is associted with |
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Definition
B = PAN
C = cyroglobulinemia |
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Term
| transmission of the hepatitides |
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Definition
A and E = fecal oral
B = parenteral or sexual
C = parenteral
D = requires HBV |
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Term
|
Definition
| acute or chronic infection |
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Term
|
Definition
| active repilication and indicates infectivity |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| key marker of Hep C infection |
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Term
| hepatitides that can progress to chronic disease |
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Definition
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|
Term
| signs of hepatic encephalopathy (2) |
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Definition
| asterixis, palmar erythema |
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| symmetric descending flaccid paralysis |
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Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| MCC of UTI in sexually active females |
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Definition
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|
Term
| UA with epithelial cells indicates |
|
Definition
| contamination from vulvar or urethral areas |
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|
Term
| when do you tx asx bacteriuria |
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Definition
| pregnancy or before urologic surgery |
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Term
|
Definition
| bactrim or ciprofloxacin x 3 days |
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
| if relapse occurs within 2 wks, continue tx for another 2 wks and get urine culture |
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|
Term
|
Definition
for pts who have > 2 UTI's/year
single dose of bactrim after sex or at first signs of infection |
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|
Term
| clinical features of pyelonephritis |
|
Definition
fever, chills
flank pain
symptoms of cystitis (frequency, urgency, burning, etc)
nausea, vomiting, diarrhea |
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|
Term
| clinical features of pyelonephritis |
|
Definition
fever, chills
flank pain
symptoms of cystitis (frequency, urgency, burning, etc)
nausea, vomiting, diarrhea |
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| leading cause of infertilty in women |
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Definition
| chlamydia due to tubal scarring |
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
ceftriaxone
also give azithromycin or doxycycline to tx chlamydia |
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|
Term
|
Definition
screen = elisa
confirmation = western blot |
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Term
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Definition
depends principally on the identification of an indicator condiction or findings in an HIV-1 seropositive patient a CD-4 cell count lower than 200.
There many be indicator conditions (AIDS-defining illness) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
HSV infection of the finger caused by inoculation into open skin surface. Common in healthcare workers.
May cause fever and axillary LAD.
Treat with acyclovir. Don't mistake for paronychia. DO NOT I&D |
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|
Term
primary syphilis
secondary syphilis
tertiary syphilis |
|
Definition
primary - hard chancre, indurated, painless ulcer with clean base.
secondary - maculopapular rash on hands and feet
tertiary - neurosyphilis |
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Term
|
Definition
primary - RPR or VDRL
confirmatory - FTA-ABS |
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Term
| definitive diagnostic test for syphilis |
|
Definition
| dark field microscopy - visualization of spirochetes |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| causative agent of chancroid |
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Definition
| haemophilus ducreyi - gram negative rod |
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|
Term
| causative agent of syphilis |
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Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
| unilateral tender inguinal LAD asscoaited with chancre |
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Term
| painless ulcer at the site of ncoulation that may go unnoticed followed by tender LAD a few weeks later and constitutional sxs that develop. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| cause of pediculosis pubis |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| permethrin 1% shampoo (Elimite) - combs, clothes, and bed linens should be washed thoroughly |
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Term
|
Definition
celluitis usually confined to the dermis and lymphatics.
Usually caused by group A strep |
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Term
| well demarcated, fiery red, painful lesion most commonly on the lower extremities or face. High fever and chills may be present |
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Definition
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|
Term
| common pathogens in necrotizing fasciitis |
|
Definition
| streptococus pyogenes and clostridium perfringens |
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Term
| infection of the deep soft tissues that rapidly tracks along fascial planes - may rapidly progress to sepsis, TSS and multiorgan failure |
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Definition
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|
Term
| inflammation of a lymph node usually caused by local skin or soft tissue bacterial infection (hemolytic strep or staph) |
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Definition
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|
Term
| classic and earliest symptom of tetanus |
|
Definition
| hypertonicity and contractions of the masseter muscles resulting in trismus or "lockjaw" |
|
|
Term
risus sardonicus
opisthotonos |
|
Definition
risus sardonicus - grin due to contraction of facial muscles
opisthotonos - arched back due to contraction of back muscles |
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|
Term
|
Definition
acute monoarthritis often progresses within days in a migratory or additive pattern.
MC = knees, wrists, hands, and ankles.
consider testing for HIV and syphilis |
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Term
|
Definition
| large, painless, well demarcated target lesion - commonly seen on the thigh, groin, or axilla |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
IgM antibodies peak 3-6 wks after onset of sxs
IgG antibodies slowly increase and remain elevated in pts with disseminated illness. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
oral doxycycline
alt = amox and cefuroxime
pregnancy = erythromycin |
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Term
|
Definition
| rocky mountain spotted fever |
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|
Term
| rash that starts peripherally (wrists, forearms, palms, ankles, and soles) but then spreads centrally. |
|
Definition
| Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever |
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
| blood smear with Giemsa stain |
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|
Term
|
Definition
chloroquin phosphate
if resistance is suspected - quinine sulfate and tetracycline. |
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Term
| most serious, life threatening infection causing malaria |
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Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
pain at site of bite
prodromal sxs fo sore throat, fatigue, HA, N/V
encephalitis
hydrophobia
some pts may present with ascening paralysis |
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Term
|
Definition
virus or viral antigen can be identified in infected tissue
four fold increase in serum antibody titers
identification of Negri bodies histologically
PCR detection of virus RNA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
clean wound thoroughly with soap
watch animal for 10 days
for known exposure - administer human rabies immunoglobulin to pts into the wound as well as the gluteal region.
active immunization - antirabies vaccine in 3 IM doses into the deltoid or thigh over a 28 day period |
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| thick, white, cottage cheese like vaginal discharge |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
oral = clotrimazole or nystatin
vaginal = miconazole or clotrimazole
cutaneous = oral nystatin powder and keep skin dry
systemic candidiasis - amphotericin B or fluconazole |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| pulmonary disease associated with pigeon droppings |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| amphotericin B wiht flucytosine for 2 wks followed by oral fluconazole |
|
|
Term
| definition of neutropenia |
|
Definition
absolute neutrophil count < 1500
ANC < 500 = severely increased risk of infection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1 - skin is intact, nonblanching erythema, signs of impending ulceration may be present.
2 = partial thickness skin loss - epidermis and varying amounts of dermis
3 = full thickness skin loss - extends to subcutaneous tissue but not fascia
4 = extends into muscle, bone, joints, tendons, sinus tracts may be present |
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|
Term
| wellcircumscribed raised lesion commonly confused wiht melanoma, color varies. complete excision is recommended |
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Definition
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|
Term
| squamous cell carcinoma arising from a chronic wound (tends to be very aggressive) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| number one cause of death due to cancer |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ABCDE
A = asymmetry
B = border irregularity
C = color variegation
D = diameter > 6mm
E = elevation - raised surface |
|
|
Term
| MC presentation of melenoma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| removal of a scale causing pinpoint bleeding |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
corticosteroids
calcipotriene (vitamin D derivative) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sharply demarcted areas of skin become amelanotic. MC on the face |
|
|
Term
| types of hypersensitivity |
|
Definition
1 = IgE mediated (anaphylaxis, asthma)
2 = IgG (or IgM) and cytotoxic mediated
3 = antigen-antibody complexes (SLE, arthus reaction, serum sickness)
4 = T cell mediated (delayed hypersensitivity) allergic contact dermatitis, TB, transplant rejection |
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|
Term
| clinical features of anaphylaxis |
|
Definition
cutaneous - pruritis, erythema, urticaria, angioedema
respiratory - dyspnea, respiratory distress, asphyxia
CV - hypotension, shock, arrythmias
GI - abdominal pain, N/V, severe diarrhea |
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