Term
| MCC of secondary HTN in young women |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| essential (no identifiable cause) |
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Term
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Definition
renal/renovascular disease - renal artery stenosis
hyperaldosteronism, thyroid/parathyroid, Cushing's syndrome, pheochromocytoma, acromegaly
Meds
coarctation of the aorta
cocaine
sleep apnea |
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Term
| major complications of HTN |
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Definition
| cardiac complications - CAD, CHF with LVH, stroke, and renal failure |
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Term
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Definition
normal < 120/80
preHTN 120-129/80-89
Stage 1 130-139/90-99
Stage 2 > 160/100 |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
thiazide diuretics
if DM consider ACEI as first line
BB
ARB
CCB
vasodilators (hyralazine or minoxidil) |
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Term
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Definition
smoking, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, age over 60, family hx, male sex
CAD, PVD, prior MI, LVH, retinopathy, nephropathy, stroke or TIA |
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Term
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Definition
| yellow plaques on the eyelids |
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Term
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Definition
| hard, yellowish masses found on tendons |
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Term
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Definition
TG treated if > 500 = niacin or gemfibrozil
high LDL = statin |
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Term
| stady, aching, viselike pain that encircles the entire head. tightness in the posterior muscles |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
NSAID, acetaminophen, and aspirin
if severe - migraine meds |
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Term
excrutiating periorbital pain (behind the eye) almost always unilateral. ipsilateral lacrimation, facial flushing, nasal stuffiness/discharge.
occurences are short but occur often |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
sumatriptan (imitrex)
O2 inhalation
prohylaxis - verapamil
alt = ergotamine, methysergide, lithium, and corticosteroids |
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Term
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Definition
VOMIT
vascular
other - malignant HTN, pseudotumor cerebri, postlumbar puncture, pheochromocytoma
Meds/drug related
Infection
Tumor |
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Term
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Definition
| lasts over 72 hours and does not resolve spontaneously |
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Term
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Definition
hormonal alteration (menstruation)
stress, anxiety
sleeping disturbances (lack of sleep)
drugs/foods - chocolate, cheese, alcohol, smoking, OCP
weather changes and environmental factors |
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Term
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Definition
| migraine with aura (usually flashing lights, scotomata, visual distortions) |
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Term
| severe, throbbing, unilateral headache - not always on the same side. accompanied by nausea, vomiting, photophobia, and increased sensitivity to smell |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
acute - NSAID or acetaminophen, if not effective try dihydroergotamine (DHE) or a triptan
sumatriptan |
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Term
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Definition
TCA (amytriptyline)
BB (propranolol)
second line = CCB (verapamil), anticonvulsant (valproic acid), methysergide |
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Term
| causes of chronic cough in adults |
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Definition
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Term
| most cases of acute bronchitis are caused by |
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Definition
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Term
| MC sinuses involved in sinusitis |
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Definition
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Term
| complication of group a beta hemolytic strep |
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Definition
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Term
| test of choice for eval of dyspepsia |
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Definition
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Term
| GERD associated with dyspepsia suggests the development of |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Barrett's esophogus - normal stratified squamous epithelium is replaced by columnar epithelium - increased risk of adenocarcinoma |
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Term
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Definition
stage 1 - behavior modificaton
stage 2 - H2RA
stage 3 - switch to a PPI
stage 4 - add a promotility agent (metoclopramide)
stage 5 - combo therapy (H2RA/PPI + promotility unit)
stage 6 - antireflux surgery - Nissen fundoplication or partial fundoplication |
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Term
| MC electrolyte/acid-base abnormality seen with severe diarrhea |
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Definition
| metabolic acidosis and hypokalemia |
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Term
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Definition
| stool for WBC's, O&P, culture, c. diff culture and toxin, giardia antigen |
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Term
| MC electrolyte abnormality after severe vomiting |
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Definition
| hypokalemia with metabolic alkalosis |
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Term
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Definition
ease sxs - sitz bath, application of ice packs to anal area and bed rest, stool softener, high fiber/high fluid diet, topical steroids
rubber band ligation for itnernal hemorrhoids
hemorrhoidectomy |
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Term
| MC location of lumbar disc herniation |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
metastatic carcinoma
mets occurs from breast, lung, prostate, kidney, and thyroidMC sy |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| bilateral sciatica, saddle anesthesia, bowel/bladder dysfunction |
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Definition
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Term
| innervation of the lower limb |
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Definition
hip flexion - L2
knee extension - L3
ankle dorsiflexion - L4 and L5
great toe dorsiflexion - L5
ankle plantar flexion - S1 |
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Term
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Definition
MC affects weight bearing joints
joint space narrowing
osteophytes
sclerosis
subchondral cysts |
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Term
| Bouchard and Herberden's nodes |
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Definition
OA
Bouchard - PIP
Herberden - DIP |
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Term
| gold standard for dx of osteoperosis |
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Definition
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Term
| rule out secondary causes of osteoperosis (8) |
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Definition
serum calcium
serum phosphorus
alkaline phosphatase
TSH
Vitamin D
Free PTH
creatinine
CBC |
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Term
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Definition
bisphosphonates for tx and prevention
daily calcium and vitamin D, weight bearing exercise, smoking cessation |
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Term
| prevention of osteoperosis |
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Definition
reduce/eliminate modifiable risk factors
estrogen replacement therapy in perimenopause/postmenopause
raloxifene
calcium supplementation
prevent injuries |
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Term
| MCC of vision loss in people over 65 |
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Definition
| age related macular degeneration |
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Term
| most important cause of blindness worldwide |
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Definition
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Term
| very rapid increase in IOP due to occlusion of the angle and obstruction of outflow of aqueous humor |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
conjunctivitis
subconjunctival hemorrhage
keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eye)
acute angle closure glaucoma
blepharitis
episcleritis
scleritis
acute anterior uveitis
herpes simplex keratitis |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
viral - very contagious
MCC = adenovirus |
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Term
| MCC of bacterial conjunctivitis |
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Definition
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Term
| tx of acute bacterial conjunctivitis |
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Definition
| erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, sulfacetamide, |
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Term
| sudden transient monocular vision loss, "curtain coming down over the eye" |
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Definition
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Term
| MCC of sensorineural hearing loss |
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Definition
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Term
| in conductive hearing loss, weber lateralizes to the affected or unaffected ear |
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Definition
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Term
| in sensorineural hearing loss, weber lateralized to the affected or unaffected ear? |
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Definition
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Term
| rinne bone conduction > air conduction |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| all adults 18 years of age and older every 2 years |
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Term
| screening for hyperlipidemia |
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Definition
healthy adults > 20 yo measure nonfasting total cholesterol and HDL every 5 years.
total cholesterol < 200, HDL > 25 repeat in 5 yrs
total cholesterol > 240 - get complete lipoprotein profile |
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Term
| colorectal cancer screening |
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Definition
pt > 50
average risk
FOBT every year + flex sig every 5 yrs or FOBT yearly + colonoscopy every 10 yrs
Moderate risk
initial colonoscopy 10 yrs before earliest familial osnet, repeat in 3 if normal, repeat in 5 yrs
high risk - intense screening |
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Term
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Definition
genetic testing at 10yo
+ = colectomy
- = colonoscopy every 1-2 yrs starting at puberty |
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Term
| CRC screening in Hereditary Nonpolyposis CRC |
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Definition
genetic testing at 21yo
+ = colonoscopy every 2 years until age 40, and then every year thereafter |
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Term
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Definition
monthly breast self exam, physician exam every 3 yrs until age 40, then yearly
mammogram every 1-2yrs after age 40 |
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Term
| pap smear recommendations |
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Definition
start within 3 years of sexual activity or age 21 whichever comes first.
2 consecutive normals - screen every 3 yrs until age 35, then every 5 years until age 65 |
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Term
| functionally or anatomically asplenic individuals are at increased risk for infection with encapsulated organisms so they should receive what vaccines? |
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Definition
H influenzae type B
meningococcal
pneumococcal |
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