Term
DSM Classification System
Axis I:Clinical Disorders
Axis II:Personality Disorders
Axis III: Medical conditions
Axis IV: Psychosocial Environmental Problems (Stressors)
Axis V:Global Assessment Functioning (GAF)
AxisII:Personality Disorders
AxisIII:General Medical Conditions
AxisIV:Psychosocial & Environmental Problems
Axis V: Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) score |
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Definition
I: Other conditions that may be a focus for clinical attention.
II: Mental retardation/Borderline Intellectual Functioning
III: medical conditions that have potential relevance to understanding/management of I & II disorders
IV Section where all psychosocial or environmental problems listed (marital or financial problems)
V:overall level of functioning; useful in planning treatment. Scale 0-100 and period of time used - higher the # = better functioning "0" indicates insufficient info to assess. |
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Term
| Specifiers to rate severity of clinical disorder: |
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Definition
Mild: minor impairment of social and occupational functioning.
Moderate: Between "mild" and "Severe."
Severe: many symptoms in excess of required to qualify for the diagnosis, several severe symptoms, marked impairment of functioning.
Partial remission:full criteria met and currently only some of the signs/symptoms remain.
Full remission: no symptoms of disorder present/remain.
Prior History:no symptoms/full recovery |
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Term
| Disorders diagnosed in infancy, childhood, or Adolescence. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
IQ <70, significant impairment in adaptive skills, onset by 18, most common in males
Mild 50-70, Moderated 35-55, Severe 20-40, Profound less than 20-25. |
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Term
| Learning disorders: Math, Reading, Written |
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Definition
| tests show results significantly lower than individuals in the same grade level, age, intelligence: impair ability to preform daily living/academics. Most common in males |
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Term
| Motor Skills Disorder/ Development Coordination Disorder:(only one identified in DSM IV.) |
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Definition
| Significant impairment, not a result of medical condition, exceeds what is usual in metal retardation diagnosis. |
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Term
Communication Disorders:
1. Expressive Language:
2. Mixed Receptive-Expressive
3. Phonological
4. Stuttering |
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Definition
1.Excessive impairment/significantly lower standardized test scores; based on nonverbal intellectual level abilities
2. Significant impairment; lower standardized test scores; based on nonverbal intellectual level abilities
3. Significant impairment to use age/dialect appropriate speech sounds
4. Speech disturbance in fluency or timing that is not age related, |
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Term
| Pervasive Developmental Disorders (p.79) |
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Definition
| vary in severity; occur in early development; serious impairment: social interaction, communication. repetitive nonfunctional behavior. Frequently involves retardation |
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Term
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Definition
| Females; deficits include: decreased head growth, loss of hand skills, loss of social engagement, gait & trunk movement, disruption of language development. No cure; symptom management |
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Term
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Definition
| More common in males. Impairment in: language, communication, social interaction,lack of interest in others, requires routine and rituals. No single treatment. Medication treats specific behavior. Risperidone to treat irritability. |
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Term
| Childhood Disintegrative Disorder |
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Definition
| Significant loss of skills, control of physical actions and movements - beginning after 2; more common in males; no meds to control: behavior controled by anti psychotic meds, meds for depression/anxiety. |
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Term
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Definition
| Most common in males. Severe, sustained impairment in social interaction. significant delays in language, cognition, self-help skills. Requires behavior modification and education interventions; |
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Term
| Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity activity (ADHD) |
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Definition
| Most common in males/before the age of seven; must be evident/significant in 2 different settings. Meds: psychostimulants-Ritalin, Dexedrine, Adderall. Therapy: behavioral, social skills training |
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Term
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Definition
| Common in Males. Pattern of violating the rules and norms of society/rights of others. Child ONSET Type: before 10; after Adolescent. Treatment: challenging; varied depending on severity: Long term behavioral, psychotherapy to express anger. |
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Term
| Oppositional Defiant Disorder |
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Definition
| males before puberty; males and females after/over at least a 6 mo. period/ does not meet criteria for Conduct Disorder. Negativism, hostile, defiant behaviors. Meds. not recommended/little research. Therapy: behavior modification, parent training-more effective that family therapy, parent support groups. |
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Term
| Feeding/Eating Disorders p.82 |
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Definition
| Pica- at least a one mo. period eating non-food items: dirt, hair, insects, paint. No aversion to food. May occur with another disorder/severe enough to require clinical assistance. Limited success with Behavior Mod. |
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Term
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Definition
Rumination Disorder
regurgitation/re-chewing food/1 mo./preceded by normal functioning/not result of medical condition. Therapy: Behavior Mod. |
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Term
| Feeding Disorder of Infancy/Failure to Thrive |
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Definition
| Failure to eat, gain & maintain weight. Not result of medical condition/last longer than 1 mo./before the age of 6. |
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Term
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Definition
Coporolalia-obscene gestures/words
Palilalia-repetition of one's own words, sounds
Echolalia- repetition of another's last sound or word |
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Term
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Definition
| Neurological/motor tics/occur several time/day/month for over 12 mo. |
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Term
| Chronic Motor/Vocal Tic Disorder |
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Definition
| over 1 year/repeated daily/ max 3 mo. tic-free |
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Term
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Definition
Single, multiple motor/vocal tics repetitively/day/12 consecutive mo. Not met criteria for Tourettes/Chronic Tic Disorders.
Therapy: Habit Reversal Training (HRT) increase awareness, develop a competing response & awareness of urge building |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Encopresis: more common in males/at least 4 y.o. 1x/mo over 3mo. period. Not a result of med. cond.
Treatment: prevent constipation/good bowel habits; education; psychotherapy to help child deal with shame and ridicule.
Enuresis: pattern of urinating in bed/clothing; at least 5 y.o.;must occur 2x/wk,3 mo. or result of significant distress/impairment. Voluntary/Invol.
Treatment: Behavioral; usually no med. but desmopressin acetate(DDAVP)preferred. |
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Term
| Other Children's Disorders |
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Definition
Separation Anxiety-evident min.4 wks. onset before 18. Normal in infants until 3 or 5 y. o. consider panic disorder or agoraphobia first. Meds. if moderate to severe; only selective SSRI.
Therapy: Cognitive Behav. teaching skills to meet anxious feeling, identifying thought that provoke feelings, develop plan to cope. Play therapy if young children. Success praised! |
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Term
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Definition
Slightly more common in females; min.1 mo. not first mo. of school. persistent failure to speak in certain situations;
Meds. & Therapy: SSRI in severe cases/younger children. Behav. Mod. positive rewards with Stimulus fading, trusted person. |
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Term
| Reactive Attachment Disorder |
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Definition
Infants/early childhood before 5 y.o. (not common)
Inhibited: failure to initiate; respond
Disinhibited: indiscriminate sociability
Not Pervasive Development disorder or result of development delays.
Treatment: no meds. individual counseling; evidence of abuse, neglect or changes in caregivers |
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Term
| Stereotypic Movement Disorder |
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Definition
| Continuous for 4 wks. Not the result of compulsion, tic, Pervasive Dev. Disorder Body rocking, head banging, biting self. Treatment: SSRI; ensure safety. reduce stress. relaxation techniques. |
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Term
| Cognitive Disorders: effects of substances or toxins or med. cond. or both. |
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Definition
Delirium-onset brief disturbance in level of consciousness, changes in cognition.
Med. etiology: 1. due to medical condition. 2. substance induced.3. Multiple etiology. 4. NOS; indeterminate
Treatment: underlying cause |
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Term
| Dementia: progressive impairment of cognitive abilities |
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Definition
1. Alzheimer's 2. Vascular 3. due to other med. cond. 4. substance induced persisting. 5. multiple etiologies. 6. NOS indeterminate.
Treatment: no cure but meds.may improve( Aricept, Reminyl, Exelon, Namenda); antidepressants/psychotic meds. safety, maintain nutrition, manage sleep problems |
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Term
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Definition
| Impairment of memory solely: Amnestic disorder med. cond. 2. Substance-induced persisting amnestic disorder. 3. Amnestic disorder NOS |
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Term
Mental Disorders due to General Med. Cond.
Includes Disorders: Catatonic, Personality Change, Mental NOS, Delirium, Dementia, Amnestic, Psychotic, Mood, Anxiety, Sexual, Sleep |
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Definition
1.Evidence direct result of med. cond.
2.Does not meet the criteria for another mental disorder that cause symptoms.
3.symptoms occurred in absence of delirium. |
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Term
| SUBSTANCE RELATED DISORDERS: DSM IV TR classified Substances: Alcohol, Amphetamines, Caffine, Cannabis, Cocaine, Hallucinogens, Inhalants, Nicotine, Opioids (oxycontin, pain killers), PCP, Sedatives, hypotics, anxiolytics (valium), inhalants |
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Definition
1. Sub. Use Disorder:
Dependance: continued use, tolerance, withdrawal, compulsive
Abuse:maladaptive pattern of use. If Dependance has ever been diagnosed Abuse cannot be given for the class.
Treatment: wide variety; meet multiple needs; assessed & modified; remain in for adequate time critical for effectiveness.
Sub.-Induced Disorders:reversible, substance-specific mental disorders, behavioral/psychological changes.
Polysubstance Dependance at least 3 sub. groups/ 12 mo. period/ not clearly identified single sub. |
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Term
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Definition
Schizophrenia: 2+symptoms & > 6 mos.7 last > 1 mo;
Positive: hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech/behavior, inappropriate affect.
Negative Symptoms: flat/blunt affect;avolition (loss of willpower/decision making); alogia (poverty of speech & contains no meaningful information); anhedonia (loss of ability to have fun) |
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Term
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Definition
Prodromal Phase-decline in role functioning & precedes active phase.
Active Phase-full-blown symptoms: delusions, Hallucinations, severely disorganized speech. |
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Term
Subtypes of Schizophrenia
Not in newest DSM V |
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Definition
Paranoid-most organized, prominent delusions; persecutory, grandiose, auditory hallucinations.
Disorganized-speech & behavior; flat, inappropriate affect
Catatonic- minimum of 2: motor immobility, rigid posture > time (catalepsy), excessive, purposeless movement, negativism- resistance to instructions/being moved, rigid posture.
peculiar voluntary movements: odd, inappropriate movements/posturing, repetitive odd movements, pronounced mannerisms/facial grimacing.
Echolalia/Echopraxia: mimicking words/movements of another person.
Undifferentiated: does not meet the criteria for other types but has at least two characteristic symptoms.
Residual: very hard to diagnose, minimum of one episode. |
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Term
| Management/treatment of schizophrenia |
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Definition
Combination of: anti-psychotic,antidepressant, anti-anxiety meds. depending on types of symptoms. Compliance difficult.
Treatment: "wrap around services," group therapy, family therapy, self help & community support. |
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Term
Schizophreniform Disorder:
Schizoaffective Disorder: |
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Definition
Different in two ways:may not experience social or occupational impairment; symptoms min. of 1 mo., than 6mos.
has a major depressive, manic, or mixed episode combined with symptoms of Schizophrenia mood symptoms need to be prominent part of the illness. |
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Term
Delusional Disorder:
Min. of 1 non bizarre delusion & evident for min. of 1 mo. Tactile or olfactory hallucinations if related to delusions. Psychosocial functioning normal. Mood episodes are brief. Anti-psychotic meds. may relieve temporarily. |
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Definition
1. Erotomanic Type: believes that a person, famous, is in love with him or her.
2. Grandiose Type: convinced the they have special talent or understanding; accomplished something great.
3. Jealous Type:believes spouse or lover is unfaithful w/o cause.
4. Persecutory Type: believes that someone is conspiring, trying to poison, harm w/o cause.
5. Somatic Type: convinced body openings emit odor, insects crawling under the skin-invaded the body; body parts are ugly or not functioning w/o cause.
6. Mixed Type: no specific delusion predominates.
7. Unspecific Type: uncertain about central delusion/delusion does not fall into category, |
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Term
Brief Psychotic Disorder p.93
evident at least one day no more than a mo. |
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Definition
| Therapy:"With marked stressor" caused by an event. "Without Marked Stressor"not caused by event. "With Postpartum Onset" symptoms appear within 4-wks. |
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Term
| Shared Psychotic Disorder (Folie a Deux) |
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Definition
| Delusion developed in one person who is closely involved with another who has prominent delusions. Hard to treat. Therapy focuses on each person: dominant focuses on the psychosis; secondary individ. hepls the dominant recognize the delusion and correct underlying distortions. Address relationship & separation issues. |
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Term
1. Psychotic Disorder due to general med. condition.
2. Substance-Induced Psychotic Disorder: |
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Definition
1. Hallucinations/delusions caused by med. condition.
2. Hallucinations/delusions caused by a substance; must be indicated when symptoms developed: intoxication, withdrawal, soon after withdrawal. |
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Term
Mood Disorders: p.94
Building blocks of... |
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Definition
Major Depressive Episode: > 2 wks. of depressed mood/loss of interest, pleasure/irritability/sadness + at least 4 of the following symptoms: loss of appetite & significant weight loss; sleep disturbance; restlessness, agitation or motor sluggishness; fatigue; worthlessness, guilt; difficulty thinking, concentrating, making decisions, suicide ideation.
2. Manic Episode: (can be medically/substance induced) abnormal mood that lasts for >1 wk. + 3 of the following: grandiosity; less need for sleep; pressured speech; racing thought; easily distracted; psycho-motor agitation; involvement in activities that are negative.
3. Mixed Episodes:(Bi-Polar) meets criteria for Depressive/Manic episodes symptoms; not result of sub. or med.; cause significant impairment.
4. Hypomanic Episode: not as severe as Manic;does not case significant impairment; not result of subs./med. |
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Term
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Definition
Antidepressants: several types: tricyclics, SSRIs, MAO inhibitors & atypical antidepressants ex: Wellbutrin.
Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) last resort for severe chronic depression.
Therapy: Proactive approach-client; Cognitive Behav. most helpful to deal with problematic thinking & behaviors. Interpersonal Therapy relationships, communication, expressing emotions, assertiveness trng. |
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Term
| Dysthymic Disorder/Treatment |
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Definition
| Mild/chronic depression: Treatment: psychotherapy: cognitive or interpersonal therapy & antidepressants: help keep energy up & prevent depressed moods; SSRI |
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Term
| Bipolar Disorder I & II/Treatment p. 96 |
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Definition
I: Manic or Mixed Episode + Major Depressive Episodes. Coding indicate the current/recent episode.
II: Min. of 1 Major Depressive episode & at least 1 Hypomanic episode (never Manic). Treatment: Meds. mood stabilizers (Lithium) used but not now the first line treatment. Atypical anti-psychotic (Abilify) more frequently prescribed but are expensive and have greater side effects. Antidepressants may be used. Therapy: strong education about disorder; recognizing symptoms/signs of relapse; acceptance; regular activities/sleep; direct involvement with family; Cong. Behav., Interpersonal, Social Rhythm, Family-Focused. |
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