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IGNEOUS ROCKS
1-6
29
Geology
Undergraduate 3
06/11/2013

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Cards

Term
How do igneous rocks form?
Definition
AS MAGMA OR LAVA COOLS AND CRYSTALIZES
Term
WHAT IS MAGMA?
Definition
MOLTEN ROCK, OFTEN GENERATED BY MELTING ROCK IN THE EARTHS MANTLE
Term
WHAT IS LAVA?
Definition
MAGMA THAT REACHES THE EARTHS SURFACE
Term
EXTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROCK
Definition
MOLTEN ROCKS THAT HAVE SOLIDIFIED AT THE SURFACE
Term
INTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROCK
Definition
MAGMA THAT CRYSTALLIZES DEEP BELOW THE SURFACE
Term
WHAT DOES MAGMA CONTAIN?
Definition
MAINLY SILICON AND OXYGEN
Term
WHAT IS CRYSTALLIZATION?
Definition
COOLING OF MAGMA WHICH CAUSES IT'S IONS TO ARRANGE IN AN ORDERLY FASHION
Term
WHERE IS COOLING SLOW, AND WHERE IS IT FAST?
Definition

SLOW IN THE MANTLE

FAST ON LAND

Term
FINE GRAINED TEXTURE
Definition
IGNEOUS ROCKS THAT FORMED RAPIDLY AT THE SURFACE
Term
VESICULAR TEXTURE 
Definition
GAS BUBBLES IN FINE GRAINED ROCKS LEAVE VESICLES AS THE LAVA SOLIDIFIES
Term
COARSE-GRAINED TEXTURE
Definition
MAGMA THAT SOLIDIFIES SLOWLY IN THE EARTHS MANTLE
Term
PORPHYRITIC TEXTURE
Definition
ROCK THAT WENT THROUGH TWO STAGES OF COOLING, RESULTING IN DIFFERENT SIZED GRAINS
Term
GLASSY TEXTURE
Definition
HAPPENS MAINLY DURING ERUPTIONS, WHERE ATOMS ARE FROZEN IN PLACE
Term

MOST ABUNDANT MINERALS IN IGNEOUS ROCKS

Definition
OXYGEN AND SILCON
Term
OTHER ELEMENTS IN IGNEOUS ROCKS
Definition
ALUMINUM, CALCIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, MAGNESIUM, AND IRON
Term
DARK SILICATES
Definition

RICK IN IRON AND/OR MAGNESIUM

LOW IN SILICA 

Term
EXAMPLES OF DARK SILICATES 
Definition
OLIVINE, PYROXENE, MICA
Term
LIGHT SILICATES
Definition

CONTAIN POTASSIUM, CALCIUM AND SODIUM

RICHER IN SILICA

Term
EXAMPLES OF LIGHT SILICATES
Definition
MUSCOVITE MICA, FELDSPARS
Term
HOW ARE IGNEOUS ROCKS CLASSIFIED?
Definition
TEXTURE AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
Term
FELSIC ROCKS 
Definition
IGNEOUS ROCKS MADE UP MOSTLY OF LIGHT COLORED SILICATES
Term
MAFIC ROCKS
Definition
IGNEOUS ROCKS MADE UP OF MOSTLY DARK COLORED SILICATES
Term
EXAMPLES OF FELSIC ROCKS
Definition
GRANITE, RHYOLITE, OBSIDIAN
Term

EXAMPLES OF MAFIC ROCKS 

Definition
BASALT, GABBRO
Term
INTERMEDIATE ROCKS
Definition
MIXTURE OF LIGHT AND DARK COLORED MINERALS
Term
ULTRA MAFIC ROCKS
Definition

COMPOSED ENTIRELY OF DARK MINERALS, RARE - MAINLY SEEN IN THE UPPER MANTLE 

 

 

Term
BOWENS REACTION SERIES
Definition
SHOWS THAT MAGMA COOLS AND CRYSTALLIZES AT A RANGE OF TEMPERATURES
Term
CRYSTAL SETTLING 
Definition

EARLIER FORMED MINERALS (MORE DENSE)

SINK TOWARD BOTTOM OF MAGMA CHAMBER

Term
MAGMA DIFFERENTIAION
Definition
FORMATION OF ONE OR MORE SECONDARY MAGMAS FROM A PARENT MAGMA
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