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| The mass per unit volume of a substance. Unit = kg/m3 or g/cm3 |
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| The force exerted per unit area of a surface. Unit = pascal (1 Pa = 1N/m2), bar, atm |
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pressure = Force/Area
p=F/A |
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| When a substance changes between solid, liquid or gas. Energy is required for the change to happen. |
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| A theory that matter is made of trillions of tiny particles which are in constant random motion and follow simple physical laws. |
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| Pressure due to particles |
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Definition
| The collisions on the sides of the container by trillions of particles exert a force and therefore pressure. |
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| Temperature due to particles |
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Definition
| The kelvin temperature is proportional to the average random kinetic energy of the particles. |
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| The motion in a fluid of microscopic particles such as pollen or dust due to collisions with much smaller, fast-moving, invisible molecules in the fluid. The particles which are seen to dance about are the dust particles, not the molecules. |
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| Absolute zero temperature |
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Definition
| The lowest temperature which can be achieved when the particles in a substance have zero kinetic energy and cease all motion. This occurs at -273 degrees C. |
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| Thermodynamic temperature |
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Definition
| Temperature is proportional to average, random kinetic energy of the molecules. |
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| Kelvin scale of temperature |
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Definition
| An absolute temperature scale starting at absolute zero whose unit is the same size as a degree Celsius. |
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Definition
| At constant volume, the pressure of a fixed mass of gas is proportional to its absolute temperature. |
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Definition
| At constant temperature, the pressure of a fixed mass of gas is inversely proportional to its volume. |
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Definition
| Pressure in a stationary fluid is exerted equally in all directions. |
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| Pressure in a fluid formula |
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Definition
pressure difference =
height * density * gravitational field strength
p = h ρ g |
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Definition
| They are close-packed in an orderly fashion and vibrate about fixed positions. |
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| They are close-packed in a disordered fashion and move around freely. |
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| They are far apart and move around quickly and freely. |
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| Celsius to kelvin conversion formula |
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