Term
| What is the skeleton made up of? |
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Definition
| Hard tissue that is formed by living cells. It contains bones, cartilage and other tissues. |
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Term
| True or False: Cartilage is harder than bone |
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Definition
| False; cartilage is still hard, but bone is harder since it contains more calcium salts. |
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Term
| How many bones is in a human skeleton? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is special about a vertebrate? |
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Definition
| an animal that contains a backone |
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Term
| True or False: a species with an exoskeleton means that they have extra bones for specific purposes. |
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Definition
| FALSE; an exoskeleton means that the organism has a skeleton on the outside of the tissues and softer material. All insects have an exoskeleton. |
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Term
| An animal that has an endoskeleton means... |
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Definition
| that the animal has its skeleton on the inside of the epidermis and soft tissue. |
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Term
| Does an earthworm have an endoskeleton or exoskeleton? |
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Definition
| NONE; an earthworm has a hydroskeleton. |
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Term
| What tissues are present in an animal with a hydroskeleton? |
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Definition
| Watery fluid contained by a layer of muscle, all surrounding a gut. |
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Term
| What three parts is the vertebrate skeleton made up of? |
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Definition
| An axis, appendages, and girdles. |
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Term
| What happens to the bone during osteoporosis? |
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Definition
| It becomes brittle and forms cavities. It generally happens to ageing people. |
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Term
| True or False: Bone tissue is dead. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name 5 things the manufacturing of bone requires. |
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Definition
| calcium, amino acids, vitamin D, phosphate and hormones. |
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Term
| What makesWhat up the axis of the skeleton? |
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Definition
| The skull, backbone and ribcage |
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Term
| The girdles of the skeleton... |
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Definition
| connect the appendages to the axis. |
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Term
| What makes up the appendages of the skeleton? |
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Definition
| the arms and legs, constructed in the same pattern |
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Term
| What 5 features does a female skeleton have that a male skeleton does not? |
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Definition
| Broader hips, narrower shoulders, knees bent inwards, arms bent outwards, more easily dislocated lower jaw compared with the male. |
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Term
| What 5 features does a female skeleton have that a male skeleton does not? |
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Definition
| Broader hips, narrower shoulders, knees bent inwards, arms bent outwards, more easily dislocated lower jaw compared with the male. |
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Term
| Name 4 of 5 of the functions of a skeleton. |
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Definition
| 1.support 2.protection 3.movement 4.storage 5.manufacture of blood cells |
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Term
| What are the two minerals that are stored in the bone? |
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Definition
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Term
| How does the skeleton allow movement? |
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Definition
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Term
| How does the skeleton allow movement? |
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Definition
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Term
| How are a birds' and bats' bones designed in order for easier flight? |
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Definition
| Extended, lightened bones for a wing with a large surface area and easy flight. |
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Term
| How is a human forelimb adapted for grasping an object? [4] |
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Definition
| separate ulna and radius can rotate the forearm, long humerus so that forearm can bend enough for hand to reach mouth, full set of small wrist bones gives great flexibility and long digits are ideal for performing intricate tasks. |
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Term
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Definition
| a part of the skeleton where two bones meet that allows movement. |
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Term
| True or False: One muscle can both pull and push. |
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Definition
| False; muscles can only pull. Muscles work in antagonistic pairs, so on one set of bone there are two sets of muscles, one to pull one direction and one the other. |
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Term
| What kind of joint is the elbow? |
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Definition
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Term
| Give an example of a ball and socket joint. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a muscle made up of? |
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Definition
| collections of very long muscle fibres, which contain actin and myosin, which slide past together to make the muscle contract. |
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Term
| Name the 3 products of aerobic respiration. |
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Definition
| [Glucose + oxygen] ---> energy + carbon dioxide + water |
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Term
| What are the two negatives of anaerobic respiration? |
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Definition
| 1. Only gives about 1/20 of the energy per glucose molecule that aerobic respiration yields. 2. Lactic acid, which is produced, is poisonous and can eventually lead to death if anaerobic respiration is continued. |
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Term
| To get rid of the lactic acid produced by anaerobic respiration, what is needed and what is this called? |
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Definition
| Oxygen is needed to get rid of the lactic acid produced, and it is called oxygen debt. |
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Term
| What is the formula for anaerobic respiration? |
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Definition
| glucose + energy ---> lactic acid |
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Term
| Even though bird's bones are hollow and light, how are they still strong? |
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Definition
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Term
| How is a bird adapted to flight? |
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Definition
| The wings have fewer bones than the forelimb of a human (less weight), the vertebrae are fused together for a frigid framework, a light beak and cross struts. |
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Term
| How do feathers help birds fly? |
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Definition
| Feathers are air proof, light, and provide a large surface area for the wing. |
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Term
| What is the function of the alula? |
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Definition
| To reduce turbulence over the main wing. It corresponds to the thumb in a mammal. |
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Term
| What do the median fins on a fish prevent? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the swim bladder in a fish do? |
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Definition
| Controls the depth of the fish. It fills with gas and thus becomes less dense and floats upwards and vice versa. |
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Term
| Name 3 unicellular organisms that live in water. |
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Definition
| Amoeba (pseudopodium), euglena (flagellum) and paramecium (cilia) |
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