Shared Flashcard Set

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IGC1
All Elements from 1 to 5
77
Other
Professional
05/16/2013

Additional Other Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

The key elements of this are the same as for other

management processes as follows:

Definition
  • Setting a health and safety policy.
  •  Organising staff and assigning roles and responsibilities for health and safety.
  •  Planning and implementing systems.
  •  Evaluation - monitoring and reviewing standards and systems.
  •  Action for improvement – implementing any necessary adjustments.
  •  Auditing the effectivene
Term
Key Elements of a Policy
Definition
  •   General Statement of Intent (Policy Statement)
  • Organisation
  • Arrangements
Term
General Statement of Intent (Policy Statement)
Definition

This sets out the organisation’s commitment and overall approach to health and

safety and spells out the main objectives or measurable targets for health and

safety performance.

Term
Organisation
Definition
This section specifies the roles and responsibilities of employees and management, their accountability, the chain of command and communication, and operational duties in terms of health and safety.
Term
  • Arrangements
Definition

 

 This section explains the general arrangements that exist to manage health and safety and specific arrangements to deal with particular risks, while ensuring the aims of the policy statement are met:

  1. Planning health and safety measures using risk assessments.
  2.  Developing safe systems of work and permits-to-work.
  3.  Implementing staff consultation and communication mechanisms.
  4.  Monitoring compliance and assessing effectiveness through active and reactive
  5. monitoring methods.
Term

Review of Health and Safety Policy

 

Definition
  • The structure of the organisation, and/or key personnel change.
  •  The organisation changes premises.
  •  Work arrangements change, or new processes are introduced.
  •  An audit or a risk assessment requires a review.
  •  There is enforcement action or as a consequence of the findings from accident investigations.
  •  The law changes.
  •  Consultation with employees or their epresentatives highlights deficiencies.
  •  A third party requests it, e.g. insurance companies, customers or clients.
  •  Some time has passed since the policy was developed.
Term

Element 3: Health and Safety Management Systems: 

2 - Organising

 

Organisational Roles and Responsibilities

 

Directors and Senior Managers

 

 

Definition

The right health and safety policy is in place.

  •  There is an adequate budget for implementing the policy.
  •  The right organisational structures are in place.
  •  Competent people are employed by the organisation.
Term
Demonstrating Top Management Commitment
Definition
  • Ensuring availability of resources.
  • Defining roles and responsibilities.
  • Appointing a member of top management with specific responsibility for health
  • and safety.
  • Appointing one or more competent persons and adequate resources to provide assistance.
  • Reviewing performance at board level.
  • Directors and senior managers have an enormous influence over their organisation and its priorities - they must demonstrate clear commitment and leadership with regard to health and safety.
  • The influence of visible management commitment and leadership on safety culture is discussed later in this element.
Term
Middle Managers and Supervisors
Definition
  • Health and safety policies are implemented and monitored.
  • Safe systems of work and equipment are supplied.
  • Incidents are recorded and investigated.
They are responsible for:
  • The staff that work directly for them (their direct reports).
  •  Staff lower down in the organisational chart (below their direct reports).
  •  The areas and activities under their control.
Term
Safety Specialists
Definition
  • Providing advice on legislative requirements.
  • Developing and implementing policy.
  • Overseeing the implementation of adequate risk assessments.
  • Identifying training needs.
  • Monitoring health and safety performance
Term
Relationship between Client and Contractor
Definition

Contractors are engaged to perform a certain task without close supervision and direction from the client, the person commissioning and paying them. Responsibility

for risk control is shared between client and contractor. The client is responsible for the workplace and environment, and his own workers, while the contractor is responsible for the job in hand, and those employed by him to carry out certain duties.

Term
Safety Culture
Definition

The culture of an organisation refers to the formal and informal rules, values, customs and relationships that describe the “feel” of the organisation.

 

Safety culture can be defined as the shared attitudes, values, beliefs and behaviours relating to health and safety.

Term
Positive health and safety culture; firm will have:
Definition

A firm statement of health and safety policy.

 Well defined lines of responsibilities and control.

 Clear communication and consultation on health and safety.

 Active approaches to health and safety at all levels.

 People work safely so there will be fewer accidents and ill-health.

Term
Negative health and safety culture will have:
Definition
  • Workers who think health and safety unimportant.
  • Lack of clear direction and leadership from senior management.
  •  Managers who do not consider health and safety in their decision-making.
  •  Workers who behave unsafely because they do not know any better.
  •  With the lack of attention to health and safety standards will be low, behaviour
  • poor and accidents will occur.
Term

Factors Influencing Safety Culture


Indicators Used to Assess Culture

Definition
  • Accidents – comparing performance with previous years/industry average.
  • Sickness rates – ill-health caused or made worse by work.
  • Absenteeism – possibly due to ill-health caused by work or poor morale linked
  • to a negative safety culture.
  • Staff turnover – low turnover may indicate a good safety culture.
  • Compliance with safety rules – high level of compliance indicates a positive safety culture.
  •  Complaints about working conditions – legitimate and serious complaints may indicate a negative safety culture.
Term
Factors Promoting a Negative Health and Safety Culture
Definition
  • Reorganisation/change/uncertainty.
  • Blame culture.
  • Poor leadership by management.
  • Conflicting priorities – output pressures in conflict with safe working.
  • Poor communication/lack of consultation.
Term
Factors Influencing Safety-Related Behaviour
Definition
  • Individual factors, e.g. attitude, aptitude, motivation, perception, etc.
  • Job factors – characteristics of the job or task that influence safety-related
  • behaviour, e.g. workplace environment, mental demands.
  • Organisational factors, e.g. policies and procedures, management commitment, supervision.
  •  People’s attitudes, that predispose them to act or react in a certain way to a given situation; attitudes are difficult to change but training and education mayhelp.
  • A person’s aptitude, which is their ability to learn and do things.
  • Motivation – an individual’s drive to achieve a goal; workers should be motivated to work safely.
  •  Perception, which allows people to recognise hazards or risks; perception can be distorted by illness, stress, fatigue, etc.
Term
Human error, which can be separated into
Definition
  • Slips and lapses.
  •  Mistakes.
Term

Verbal Communication

Limitations

Definition
  • Language barrier may exist.
  •  Jargon may not be understood.
  •  Strong accent or dialect may interfere.
  •  Background noise may interfere.
  •  Recipient may have poor hearing.
  •  Message may be ambiguous.
  •  Recipient may miss information.
  •  Recipient may forget information.
  •  No written record as proof.
  •  Poor transmission quality if by telephone or PA system.
Term

Verbal Communication

Merits

Definition
  • Personal.
  •  Quick.
  •  Direct.
  •  Allows for checking of understanding.
  •  Allows for feedback to be given.
  •  Allows for exchange of views.
  •  Usually allows for additional information to be transmitted by means of tone of voice, facial expression and body language.
Term

Written Communication

Limitations

Definition
  • Indirect.
  •  Takes time to write.
  •  May contain jargon and abbreviations.
  •  Can be impersonal.
  •  Message may be ambiguous.
  •  Message may not be read by recipient.
  •  Language barrier may exist.
  •  Recipient may not be able to read.
  •  Immediate feedback is not available.
  •  Questions cannot be asked.
  •  Recipient may have impaired vision.
Term

Written Communication

Merits

Definition
  •  Permanent record.
  •  Can be referred back to.
  •  Can be written very carefully to avoid use of jargon, abbreviations and ambiguity.
  •  Can be distributed to a wide audience relatively cheaply.
Term

Graphic Communication

Limitations

Definition
  • Can only convey simple messages.
  •  Expensive to buy or produce.
  •  May not be looked at.
  •  Symbols or pictograms may be unknown to the recipient.
  •  No immediate feedback available.
  •  Questions cannot be asked.
  •  Recipient may have impaired vision.
Term

 Graphic Communication

Merits

Definition
  • Eye-catching.
  •  Visual.
  •  Quick to interpret.
  •  No language barrier.
  •  Jargon-free.
  •  Conveys a message to a wide audience.
Term

Broadcasting Methods

 

Definition
  • Notice boards.
  •  Posters and videos.
  •  Toolbox talks.
  •  Memos and e-mails.
  •  Employee handbooks.
  • Co-operation and Consultation
Term
Induction training will cover:
Definition
  • The organisation’s health and safety policy.
  •  Fire and other emergency procedures.
  •  First aid facilities and personnel.
  •  The location of welfare facilities.
  •  Safe movement around the workplace.
  •  Accident and incident reporting procedures.
  •  Worker consultation arrangements.
  •  General safety rules such as no smoking areas.
  •  Personal protective equipment requirements.
  •  Introduction to the safe systems of work and permit systems.
  •  Introduction to the risk assessment system.
Term
Internal Influences on HS
Definition
  • Management commitment to providing resources (time, money, people).
  •  Impact of line managers.
  •  Production demands and working practices.
  •  The flow of communication within the organisation.
  •  The competence of staff.
  •  Worker representation and consultation.
Term
External Influences on HS
Definition
  • The attitudes and expectations of society.
  •  The implementation and enforcement of legal requirements.
  •  Standards set by insurance companies.
  •  The contribution and role of trade unions in publicising health and safety matters.
  •  Pressures exerted by stakeholders to direct organisational policies.
Term
An organisation has to develop procedures to deal with foreseeable  
Definition

 Fire.

 Bomb threat.

 Spillage of a hazardous chemical.

 Release of a toxic gas.

 Outbreak of disease.

 Severe weather or flooding.

 Multiple casualty accident.

 

Term
First-Aid
Definition

 The three Ps:

 Preserve life.

 Prevent deterioration.

 Promote recovery.

Term
  First-Aid Equipment
Definition
  • Eye-wash stations.
  •  Emergency showers.
  •  Blankets.
  •  Splints.
  •  Resuscitation equipment.
  •  Stretchers.
  •  Wheelchairs.
  •  Other equipment as required.
  •  Small travelling first aid kits can be provided for drivers and lone workers.
Term
First-Aid Coverage
Definition
  • The general risk level of the workplace.
  •  The hazards present in the workplace.
  •  Accident history.
  •  The presence of vulnerable persons.
  •  The number of workers in the workplace.
  •  Work patterns and shift systems of workers.
  •  The geographic location of the workplace.
  •  The spread of the workplace.
  •  The geographic location is important. Workplaces within easy reach of the emergency services can perhaps provide minimal cover, but workplaces in remote locations must be far more self-reliant.
  •  There should be adequate first-aid cover on all shifts worked in the workplace
Term

Element 4: Health and Safety Management

Systems 3 - Planning


Setting “SMART” Objectives

Definition
  • Specific – a clearly defined, precise objective.
  • Measurable – it is possible to measure chievement of (or towards) the target; usually by quantifying the objective.
  •  Achievable – it can be done.
  •  Reasonable – within the timescale set and with the resources allocated.
  •  Time-bound – a deadline or timescale is set for completion of the objective
Term
What are the consideration to be taken when setting health and safety objectives?
Definition
  • Who is going to set objectives.
  •  How objectives will be set at each functional level.
  •  Legal and other requirements.
  •  Hazards and risks.
  •  Technological options.
  •  Financial, operational, and business requirements.
  •  Views of interested parties.
Term
What is Hazards?
Definition
A hazard is any substance, machine or situation that has the potential to cause harm or damage. Hazards will always exist, to some extent, in the workplace.
Term
Risk
Definition

Risk is the likelihood of harm actually occurring from workplace hazards, and their

consequences. The degree of risk depends on the likelihood of harm happening and

the severity of the injury, damage or loss that might foreseeably occur

Term
what are the Different Types of Incident?
Definition
  • Injury accident – an unplanned, unwanted event which leads to personal injury of some sort.
  •  Damage only accident – an unplanned, unwanted event which leads to damage to equipment or property.
  •  Near miss – an unplanned, unwanted event that had the potential to lead to injury, damage or loss (but did not do so).
  •  Dangerous occurrence – a specified event that, causing loss or damage but not necessarily personal injury, may have to be reported to the relevant authority by national or local law.
  •  Ill-health incident – an unplanned, unwanted event which leads to ill-health.
Term
Criteria for a Suitable and Sufficient Risk Assessment
Definition
  • Identify the significant risks arising out of work.
  •  Enable the employer to identify and prioritise the measures that must be taken to protect people from harm, including complying with any relevant legal provisions.
  •  Be appropriate to the nature of the work and remain valid for a reasonable period of time.
Term
What are the steps for conducting the risk assessment?
Definition

Step 1 - Identifying Hazards

Step 2 - Identifying the People at Risk

Step 3 - Evaluating the Risk and Deciding on Precautions

Step 4 - Recording Significant Findings

Step 5 - Reviewing

Term

IDENTIFY HAZARDS:

BOTH

SAFETY HAZARDS: capable of causing immediate physical injury and can be categorised

according to type of accident that is foreseen

&

HEALTH HAZARDS can cause occupational disease or ill-health conditions. Can be categorised into five groups: 

Definition

Hazard Identification Methods:

  • Inspections – will identify existing hazards as well as new ones.
  •  Task analysis – finds hazards in each component step of the job.
  •  Legislation – legal standards that need to be applied.
  •  Manufacturer’s information – safe use, cleaning and maintenance.
  •  Incident data – but hazard may be significant but not yet caused harm so be unnoticed.
Term
What are Factors that would require an automatic review of risk assessment?
Definition
  • A change in legislation or control measures.
  •  Any significant change in work practices, processes or volume of production.
  •  Installation of new machinery and equipment.
  •  New information becoming available on the hazards or risks.
  •  Recurring accidents or patterns of ill-health.
  •  Enforcement action.
  •  Results of monitoring (including health surveillance) or auditing.
  •  Employment of a category of personnel (disabled, etc.) not previously considered.
Term
Safety Signs
Definition
  • Prohibition – directed at stopping unsafe behaviour
  • Warning – telling people to take care in respect of certain hazards. Triangular with a black pictogram on a yellow background with a black border.
  • Mandatory action – instructing people to follow certain instructions such as the use of PPE. Circular with a solid blue background with a white pictogram.
  • Safe conditions – identifying safe behaviour or places of safety. Rectangular or square with a white pictogram on a green background.
  • Fire-fighting equipment
Term
Hierarchy of Control
Definition
  • Eliminate the hazard or substitute it for something less hazardous.
  •  Change work methods or patterns, reducing exposure.
  •  Isolate or segregate the risk at source.
  •  Use engineering controls.
  • Ensure safe systems of work.
  •  Provide training and information to all concerned.
  •  Use personal protective equipment.
  •  Provide welfare/monitoring/supervision.
Term
Safe Systems of Work
Definition
formal procedure which must be followed at all times to work safely in relation to the hazards.
Term

Examples of where safe systems of work are likely to be needed include:



Definition
  •  Working in confined spaces such as mines, tunnels and inside vessels.
  • Lone working which involves workers who are geographically separated from their work colleagues and who might encounter increased risks in the course of their work because of the lack of assistance or the lack of facilities and warnings.
  •  Travelling and working abroad - precautions to control the security and health risks associated with international travel, including the establishment of company policy and specific arrangements for insurance, vaccination, training, advice and emergencies.
Term
Permit-to-Work Systems
Definition
  • Issue – defines the work, identifies the hazards, and determines the necessary precautions.
  •  Receipt – signed by workers to confirm they understand all the hazards, risks and precautions and will comply with control measures.
  •  Clearance/Return to Service – signed by workers to confirm the workplace has been left in a safe condition.
  •  Cancellation – authorising manager signs to accept the hand-back of the workplace.
  •  There may also be an Extension section in case of overrun of the work.
Term
Permits will always be required for hazardous situations such as
Definition
  • Hot work - permits are concerned with preventing fires/explosions in relation to maintenance activities and other non-routine work involving burning, welding, use of a naked flame, etc.
  •  Work on electrical systems.
  •  Machinery maintenance.
  •  Confined spaces, where the implementation of risk assessments, (including safe systems of work), precautions, and emergency arrangements are needed to avoid
  • risks such as asphyxiation from gas, fume, or vapour when working in confined
  • spaces, e.g. storage tanks, silos, sewers, vats, ductwork.
Term

Element 5: Health and Safety Management

Systems 4 - Measuring, Audit and Review


Active and Reactive Monitoring

Definition

Active Monitoring

involves systematic inspection of the workplace and existing safety measures to establish conformance with standards (good performance) and nonconformance (so that remedies can be implemented).

Term
What are the different types/examples for Active montoring?
Definition
  • Safety inspection
  • Safety sampling
  • Safety tour
  • Safety survey
Term
Reactive Monitoring
Definition
  • Data on accidents, incidents, ill-health and near-misses
  • Complaints or concerns voiced by the workforce through consultative channels and safety/worker representatives.
  • Evidence from external agencies involving enforcement notices
Term
What is Auditing?
Definition
“The structured process of collecting independent information on the efficiency, effectiveness and reliability of the total health and safety management system and drawing up plans for corrective action.”
Term
What is the purpose of Auditing?
Definition
The purpose of auditing is to monitor and assess the effectiveness of the health and safety management system, usually throughout the whole organisation to ensure that:
  • Appropriate management arrangements are in place
  • Adequate risk control systems exist, are implemented, and are consistent with the hazard profile of the organisation.
  • Appropriate workplace precautions are in place.
  • Critical feedback on the health and safety anagement system is provided so that appropriate follow-up action can be implemented.
Term
What are the audit process?
Definition
  1. Pre-audit preparation-
    1. gathering information
    2. referring to company records and documents
  2. The audit process-
    1. collecting information about the health and safety systems in place
    2. assessing their effectiveness
  3. Feedback at the end of the audit followed by written report- recommendomg improvment indicating priorityes and timescale.
Term

Actions Taken Following Audits – Correcting Non-

Conformities

Definition

 Major non-conformance

 Minor non-conformance

 Observations.

Term
Reasons for investigating an accident:
Definition
  • To identify the immediate and root causes of the incident.
  •  To identify corrective action to prevent a recurrence.
  •  To record the facts of the incident.
  •  For legal reasons.
  •  For claim management.
  •  For staff morale.
  •  For disciplinary purposes.
  •  For data gathering purposes.
Term
Basic Investigation Procedures
Definition

Step 1: Gathering Information

Step 2: Analysing Information

Step 3: Identify Suitable Control Measures

Step 4: Plan the Remedial Action

Term
Reasons why workers might not report incidents
Definition
  • Unclear organisational policy.
  •  No reporting system in place.
  •  Overly-complicated reporting procedures.
  •  Excessive paperwork.
  •  Takes too much time.
  •  Blame culture.
  •  Apathy.
  •  Lack of training on policy and procedures.
Term
Incident recording. Typical contents
Definition
  • Name and address of casualty.
  •  Date and time of accident.
  •  Location of accident.
  •  Details of injury.
  •  Details of treatment given.
  •  Description of event causing injury.
  •  Details of any equipment or substances involved.
  •  Witnesses’ names and contact details.
  •  Details of person completing the record.
  •  Signatures.
Term
Performance Indicators
Definition
  • Accident and incident data.
  •  Inspections.
  •  Absence and sickness data.
  •  Safety surveys, tours and sampling.
  •  Audit reports.
  •  Achievement of objectives.
  •  Enforcement action.
  •  Previous management reviews.
Term

Element 1: Foundations in Health and

Safety  

Scope and Nature of Occupational Health and Safety


What is Health?


Definition
the physical and mental condition of all people at the workplace (employees, contractors and visitors) and their protection from harm in the form of injury or disease.
Term
Safety
Definition
the conditions at the workplace and applies to the pursuit of a state where the risk of harm has been eliminated or reduced to an acceptable level.
Term
Welfare
Definition

the general well-being of, primarily, employees at the

workplace and the promotion of conditions which help to provide for their needs in respect of health, comfort, and social and personal well-being.

Term
Environmental protection
Definition

general workplace conditions (i.e. levels of lighting, noise, heat, etc.) and the environment outside the workplace which

might be affected by the workplace activities (i.e. pollution or damage to land, air or water).

Term
Incidents
Definition
events that give rise to an accident or have the potential to lead to an accident. They include both accidents and near-misses.
Term
Accidents
Definition
undesired and unplanned events which may cause personal injury, damage to property or equipment, or loss of output, or all three.
Term

Occupational accidents

those that are work-related and which result in fatal or non-fatal injury.



Definition

Commuting accidents

are those that occur on the way to and from work and which result in death or personal injury.

Term

Dangerous occurrences 

events or situations, often specified in national or

local laws, that could harm employees at work (but don’t necessarily do so) in such a way that there is a legal requirement to report them.

Definition

Near-misses

any form of accident which could, under other circumstances, result in injury or loss, but in this particular case do not.

Term

Physiological problems

 

Definition

Those diseases or injuries suffered as a result of longterm 

exposure to dangerous substances in the workplace (such as various types 

of dust or fumes) or to damaging working practices (such as repetitive 

movements or excessive noise).

Term
Psychological problems
Definition

stress-related and can be due to traumatic events or

result from long-term exposure to workplace pressures

Term
hazard
Definition
an article, substance or situation that has the potential to cause harm or damage. Not all hazards will cause harm all of the time. It depends on the circumstances.
Term
Risk
Definition
the likelihood of harm occurring together with its consequences. The degree of risk depends upon the likelihood of harm happening and the severity of the outcome, i.e. type of injury, numbers involved, etc.
Term
What are the employer's duty?
Definition
  • Safe place of work – both the workplace and access to and from the workplace.
  •  Safe plant and equipment – machinery, tools, plant, equipment and appliances used by workers in the performance of their work must be kept in a wellmaintained and safe condition.
  •  Safe systems of work – appropriate review, planning and control measures should ensure that working methods are safe.
  •  Training and supervision which ensure that staff are competent
Term
The costs of failures in health and safety at work fall into two groups:
Definition

Direct costs – these are measurable costs arising directly from an accident and/or claim for liability under the civil or criminal courts.

 Indirect costs – these costs may arise as a consequence of an incident but may not involve payment of money.

Term

What are Employers’ Legal Responsibilities?

Article 10 of R164

 
Definition
  • To provide workplaces and work equipment, and use work methods, which are safe and no risk to health.
  •  To provide appropriate instructions and training.
  •  To provide necessary supervision.
  •  To put in place health and safety arrangements adapted to suit the size and nature of the undertaking.
  •  To provide any necessary personal protective clothing and equipment free of charge.
  •  To ensure that the hours of work do not adversely affect employees’ safety and health.
  •  To remove any extreme physical and mental fatigue.
  •  To stay up-to-date with knowledge in order to comply with the above.
Term

What are Workers’ Responsibilities?

Article 19 of C155 

Definition
  • Take reasonable care of their own safety and that of other people who might be affected by the things that they do and the things that they fail to do.
  •  Comply with safety instructions and procedures.
  •  Use all safety equipment properly and not tamper with it.
  •  Report any situation which they believe could be a hazard and which they cannot themselves correct.
  •  Report any work-related accident or ill-health.
Term
Workers’ rights include
Definition
  • The right to be provided with adequate information on actions the employer has taken to ensure occupational safety and health.
  •  The right to the necessary training in occupational safety and health.
  •  The right to be consulted by the employer on all matters of occupational safety and health relating to their work.
  •  The right to leave a workplace which he has reason to think presents an imminent and serious danger to his life or health and not be compelled to return until it is safe.
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