3 categories of basic skills: locomotor, nonlocomotor, and manipulative skills

include: balance, coordination, lateral movement, directional movement, awareness of space, and knowledge of one's own body

moving the body from place to place

ex.= walking, running, skipping, leaping, jumping

done in place or with very little spatial movment

ex.= bending, stretching, pushing, pulling, twisting, turning, shaking, bouncing

used when the child handles a play object

ex. = throwing, catching, kicking, striking (batting) any manipulative objects

manipulative skills

(more info)

improves hand-eye and foot-eye coordination (includes reaching)

balls and bean bags are among the most common objects used

positive feedback

give suggestion on how to improve not what they are doing wrong

endomorph - soft, round, protruding abdomen

mesomorph - muscular, stronger frame

ectomorph - thin

health related - should focus on because these can be improved

skill related - we are born with and cannot improve on

cardiovascular endurance

muscular strength

muscular endurance

flexibility

body composition

agility

balance

coordination

speed

power

ability to change positions rapidly and accurately while moving

aerobic - exercise with oxygen

anaerobic - exercise without oxygen

strength and power

endurance

movement, speed, and flexibility

agility

increased body temp and blood flow and will guard against strains and tears to muscles, tendons, and ligaments.

consists of - stretching exercises, calisthenics, walking and slow jogging.

frequency - how often - usually 3-4 times a week

intensity - exercise at an individuals's targe heart rate

(target heart rate = 220 minus 80% of your age for adolescents)

duration - for about 20 minutes

heredity, age, general cardiovascular fitness, rest and sleep habits, individual's motivation, environmental influences, and any handicap, disease, or injury

Fact: very few people people live up to this full potential

cooling-off period

same exercises from warm up can be used to cool down

without cooling off - blood will pool and slow the removal of waste products

easier to perform for all ages and levels of fitness

less warm and and cool down

one foot on ground at all times/less chance of injury

duration and frequency same as high impact aerobics

what grade/s are included in each level?

Level I

Level II

Level III

Level I = K-2/individual activities

Level II = 3&4/fundamental & specialized skills

Level III = 5&6/sports skills & lead up games

ball & socket = shoulder & hip

hinge = knee

pivot = head of the spine

gliding = carpal and tarsal bones

angular = wrist and ankle joints

partially moveable = vertebrae

immovable = ones of the adult cranium

proper form needs to be taught to get most out of activity

know location of each muscle

antogonistic muscles = a muscle that opposes the action of another; ex. biceps and triceps

flexors = contract muscles/extensors = extend muscles

understanding the muscle ensures proper techniques to us in all physical activities

6 players

2 out of 3 games

winner scores 25 points with a margin of 2

5 players

most points at the end of the game wins

9 or 10 players

most runs at the end of seven innings wins

11 players

most goals wins

11 players

most goals wins

9 or 11 players

six points for a touchdown

one or two for a point after

two for a safety

either doubles or singles

four points - 15, 30, 40, and game

tie at forty - duece

winner must win by a margin of two

love means zero

badminton

either doubles or singles

14 points (doubles) or 21 (singles) by a margin of 2

either doubles or singles

21 points by a margin of 2

either singles or doubles

50, 70, or 100 points

determined by participants before the game begins

good for cardiovascular conditioning

can be done almost anywhere there is water

no scoring, benefits are many

muslces are toned and strengthened

important to learn proper techniques and principles, helps to reap rewards and avoid injury

consider muscular balance and consider the antagonistic muscles

understand abdominal strength is important to lower back strength helps to avoid back injuries

includes tumbling

excellent for developing coordination and grace

begin at very early age with tumbling and progress to gymnastics

good carryover activity

taught on campus or golf course

requires coordination, concentration, and depth perception

includes ball gymnastics and other activities that may require music

taught in early elem PE, helps develop music appreciation and spatial awareness

individually or with partner

develops spatial awareness and ability to follow directions

begin in elem school

1st & 2nd = walk skip

3rd & 4th = skip slide run

3rd - 6th = step-hop

development of social skills and teamwork

opportunity to blow off steam

arena of social interaction

enhances self esteem by creating situations geared for success

letting captain pick teams

improvement of self esteem

self confidence for social interations

dev. of sport leadership and sportsmanship

motivation for participating in lifetime physical activities

improved cardiac output

improved maximum oxygen intake

improvement of the blood's ability to carry oxygen

lowers risk of heart disease

lowering pulse and blood pressure

lowering the concentration of fat in body and blood

improve appearance, range of motion, and lesson risk of back problems

good nutrition

role of vitamins

elimination of risk factors

strategies to control weight

should constitute at least half the diet

primary and most efficient source of energy

ex. = vegetables, fruits, high-fiber breads, and cereals

high in water content

promotes digestion

reduces constipation

reduces the risk of colon cancer

constitute about 1/5 of the diet

builds and repairs the body

sources = beans, peas, lentils, peanuts, and other pod plants

red meat but contains a great deal of saturated fat

found in vegetables

preferred because they appear to offset the rise in blood pressure

may also lower cholesterol and help in weight loss

comes from animals or vegetables

ex = cocoa butter, palm oil, coconut oil, whole milk

high fat diets are linked to many types of cancer

cause body to produce too much low-density lipo-protein

LDL - low density lipoproteins

HDL - high density lipoproteins

raise the probability of heart disease by encouraging the build up of plaque in the arteries

can be controlled through proper diet

do the opposite of LDL - discourage probability of heart disease

can be raised by exercise

another form of fat found in the blood

high triglycerides seem to be inversely proportional to HDLs

vitamins are essential to good health

but too many of what vitamins could be harmful?

fat soluble vitamins - A, D, E, and K will be stored in the body and cause side effects

generally vitamins in excess are excreted through the urinary system and skin

needed for normal vision

prevention of night blindness

healthy skin

resistance to disease

tissue growth and repair

found in: spinach, carrots, broccoli, and other dark green or yellow orange fruits and vegetables; also in liver and plums

Promotes absorption of calcium and phosphorus

needed for normal growth of healthy bones, teeth, and nails

formed by action of the sun on the skin

foudn in: halibut liver oil, herring, cod liver oil, mackerel, salmon, and tuna and added to many milk products

protects cell membranes

improve elasticity  in blood vessels

prevent formation of blood clots
protect red blood cells from damage by oxidation

found in: wheat germ oil, sunflower seeds, raw wheat germ, almonds, pecans, peanut oil, and cod liver oil

needed for functioning of nerves

muscle growth

fertility

production of energy, appetite, and digestion

found in: pork, legumes, nuts, enriched and fortified whole grains, and liver

aids in production of red blood cells

good vision

healthy skin

mouth tissue

production of energy

found in: lean meat, dairy products, liver, eggs, enriched and fortified whole grains, and green leafy vegetables

promotes energy production

appetite

healthy digestive and nervous system

healthy skin

promotes red blood cell formation and growth

found in: liver, beans, portk, fish, legumes, enriched and fortified whole grains, and green leafy vegetables

promotes healthy nerve tissue

energy production

utilization of folic acit

aids in formation of healthy red blood cells

found in: dairy products, liver, meat, poultry, fish, and eggs

promotes healing and growth

resists infection

increases iron absorption

aids in bone and tooth formation/repair

found in: citrus fruits, cataloupe, potatoes, strawberries, tomatoes, and green vegetables

maintains normal water balance inside and outside of cells

factor in blood pressure regulation and electrolyte and chmical balance

found in: salt, processed foods, bread, adn bakery products

Potassium

prevents muscle weakness and cramping

important for normal heart rhythm and electrolyte balance in the blood

found in: citrus fruits, leafy green vegetables, potatoes, and tomatoes

taste

appetite

healthy skin

wound healing

found in: lean meat, liver, milk, fish, poultry, whole gran cereals, and shellfish

red blood cell formation

oxygen transport to the cells

prevents nutritional anemia

found in: liver, lean meats, dried beans, peas, eggs, dark green leafy vegetables, and whole grain cereals

strong bones

teeth

nails

muscle tone

prevents osteoporosis and muscle cramping

helps the nerves function and the heart beat

found in: milk, yogurt, and other dairy products, and dark leafy vegetables

regulates blood chemistry and internal processes

helps build strong bones and teeth

found in: meat, fish, poultry, and dairy products

Energy production

normal heart rhythm

nerve/muscle function

prevents muscle cramps

found in: dried beans, nuts, whole grains, bananas, and leafy gree vegetables

risk factor in various cancers

heart disease

gall bladder problems

kidney disease

chronic diseases such as diabetes and high blood pressure

There many problems caused by being underweight

True or False?

exercise

helps to keep the ratio down, improving cholesterol levels, and helps in preventing heart disease

Calories burned must exceed calories taken in

example = 250 calorie drop per day combined with a 250-calorie burn will result in a loss of one pound a week

aerobic exercise is key - causes metabolism to speed up and causes body to burn calories

exercise before meals speeds up metabolism and has been shown to suppress appetite

being overweight

smoking

using drugs

having unprotected sex

stress

because of the presence of peer pressure and lack of parental control the effect of this education is somethimes not enough

unconditional love

understanding

long-term commitment

encouragement

nuclear and extended families

single-parent families

blended families

deserve equal consideration and respect and should get it in the classroom because it is not often available in the larger society

advertising - encourages children to make unhealthy decisions

at grade 3 & 4 they should be able to make better choices

physical environment/science/social studies

effects of pollution on health

occupational related disease - black lung disease/chemicals on soldiers

differences in health care options available to people in different parts of the world and in different economic circumstances

communicable diseases spread with contact with other people/learn to wash hands frequently/teach transmission and prevention

noncommunicable diseases are not transmitted through casual contact