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| Generally, this connects something familiar or simple with something unfamiliar or complex in order to explain the latter |
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| A short, informal story, most often presented as evidence in support of a claim |
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| The use of symbols like language to affect thinking and/or actions |
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| A belief or attitude considered to be true or genuine |
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| The person or people an argument addresses |
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| This supports a warrant, which in turn supports the logical move from data to claim |
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| This is the main point supported by the data and the warrant |
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| This depends on authority or believability; the arguer or source is reliable, trustworthy, or honest |
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| This is the evidence presented in support of a claim or set of claims |
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| This moves from the general to the particular |
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| A shortened syllogism, where one of the two premises (the major or the minor) is implied, not explicitly stated |
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| An appeal which focuses on the character of the speaker or writer, directing the audience's attention toward the subject or producer of the argument itself |
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| The material (statistics, testimony, examples) an arguer offers in support of a claim or conclusions |
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| Something that can be verified or validated by a number of reliable sources |
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| An argument that may seem reasonable or rational but is not supported by the data or is not logical |
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| This refers to the way an argument is presented - how the positive and negative aspects of the topic are emphasized or minimized or neglected completely |
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| The evidence offered in support of a claim |
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| The search for the common ground that exists between an audience and an arguer |
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| This moves from the particular to the general, recognizing patterns and making predictions based on examples |
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| The process of drawing a conclusion moving from a set of data to a claim |
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| This is an appeal to reason which generally relies on or utilizes facts, statistics, or other form of empirical information |
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| A major proposition or claim, most often in the context of syllogism |
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| A minor proposition or claim, most often in the context of a syllogism |
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| A type of definition that identifies an object by what it does or by the conditions that create it |
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| This appeal tries to create a certain emotional response in the audience |
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| A word or phrase that demonstrates the force or strength of a claim being put forth |
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| An explicitly-stated instance of when a claim would have to be set aside or ignored |
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| Ideas or perceptions used to judge what is good and bad, right and wrong, and other measures of worth |
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| An assumption or idea that connects the data with the claim in an argument |
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| Responding "against the man" instead of responding to the argument itself |
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| Suggests that an idea, topic, or course of action is good because many other people have already accepted it |
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| To argue in a circle, to offer a claim that assumes the validity of the claim |
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| Suggests a before and after relationship |
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| Explains what something means |
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| Suggests a particular course of action |
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| Judges what is desirable and what is not |
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| This occurs when a claim is not sufficiently supported by the available data |
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| This literally means "does not follow," indicating that there is too much of a gap between what's presented as the data and what's presented as the claim |
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