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2 classes, jawless fishes
hagfishes
lamprey |
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| Superclass: Gnathostomata |
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5 classes, jawed fishes
Placodermi
Acanthodii
Chondrichthyes
Sarcopterygii
Actinopterygii |
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also known as clads
members share common ancestor
all members have common derived character or synapomorphy |
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| non-arbitrary, informative classifications reflect evolutionary relationships |
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| monophyletic group that excludes some of the descendants |
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| consists of members from two monophyletic groups (e.g. flying animals) |
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| primitive characteristics |
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| derived or advanced characteristics |
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| similar by convergent evolution |
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| Primitive Characteristics |
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| measurements relative to length |
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D1 VI (V_VII); D2 I + 14_16 (13_16); A 1 + 11_13 (11_14); P 18_19 (17_20)
D1 VI (V_VII) |
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| the anterior dorsal fin has 6 spines, ranging from 5-7 |
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D1 VI (V_VII); D2 I + 14_16 (13_16); A 1 + 11_13 (11_14); P 18_19 (17_20)
D2 I + 14_16 (13_16) |
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| the posterior dorsal fin has one spine and 14-16 soft rays, ranging from 13-16 |
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D1 VI (V_VII); D2 I + 14_16 (13_16); A 1 + 11_13 (11_14); P 18_19 (17_20)
A 1 + 11_13 (11_14) |
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| the anal fin has one spine, 11-13 soft rays, ranging from 11_14 |
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D1 VI (V_VII); D2 I + 14_16 (13_16); A 1 + 11_13 (11_14); P 18_19 (17_20)
P 18_19 (17_20) |
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| the pectoral fins have 18-19 soft rays, ranging from 17_20 |
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| archived original specimen |
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| location of first discovery |
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| name of a species defined by type specimen |
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| name which describes the same taxon as a previously published name |
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| primitive character states |
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| advanced character states |
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| specialization unique to one taxon |
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