Term
3.1.1 State that temperature determines
the direction of thermal energy transfer between two objects. |
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Definition
| Thermal energy will flow towards the cooler object, since it always attempts to reach thermal equilibrium, meaning thermal energy tends to spread. |
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Term
| 3.1.2 State the relation between the Kelvin and Celsius scales of temperature. |
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Definition
| T/K = t/°C + 273 is sufficient. |
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Term
| 3.1.3 State that the internal energy of a substance is the total potential energy and random kinetic energy of the molecules of the substance. |
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Definition
| Students should know that the kinetic energy of the molecules arises from their random/translational/rotational motion and that the potential energy of the molecules arises from the forces between the molecules. |
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Term
| 3.1.5 Define the mole and molar mass. |
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Definition
SI-unit for amount of substance. One mole contains the same number of atoms as 0.012kg of carbon-12.
Molar mass: the mass of one mole of a substance. |
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Term
| 3.1.6 Define the Avogadro constant. |
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Definition
| The number of atoms in 0.012kg of carbon-12. |
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Term
3.2.1 Define specific heat capacity and
thermal capacity. |
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Definition
thermal (C): the energy required to raise the temperature of an object by one K.
specific (c): the energy required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of a substance by one K |
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Term
| 3.2.7 Define specific latent heat. |
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Definition
| the amount of energy released or acquired per unit mass during phase change. |
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Term
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Definition
| force exerted per unit area. A result of collisions between the molecules of a gas and its container. |
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Term
| 3.2.10 State the assumptions of the kinetic model of an ideal gas. |
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Definition
- Newton’s laws apply to molecular behaviour
- no intermolecular forces
- molecules are treated as points
- the molecules are in random motion
- collisions between molecules are elastic
- no time is spent in the collisions |
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Term
| 3.2.11 State that temperature is a measure of the average random kinetic energy of the molecules of an ideal gas. |
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Definition
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