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| A non-biological factor that is a part of the environment of an organism. |
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| The range of a pigment's ability to absorb various wavelengths of light.[image] |
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| The rapid change (depolarisation) in membrane potential of an excitable cell (e.g.: A neurone) |
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The range of wavelengths of light in which a process such as photosynthesis can take place.
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| The energy a substrate molecule must have before it can undergo a chemical change. |
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| The region of an enzyme to which the substrate molecule binds itself |
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| Movement of substances across membranes involving a carrier protein and ATP |
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| Respiration requiring oxygen, involving the oxidisation of glucose to carbon dioxide and water |
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| The gut; a tube running from the mouthto the anus in vertebrates, where complex food substances are digested and the products of digestion selectively absorbed into the body. |
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| An alternative form of a gene occupying a specific locus on a chromosome. |
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| The commonness of the occurenceof any particlular allele in a population. |
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Building block of proteins; general formula:
R.CH(NH2).COOH |
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| The building up of complex molecules from smaller ones. |
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| Respiration in the absence of oxygen, involving breakdown of glucose to lactic acid or ethanol. |
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| An ion with a negative charge. |
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| A protein produced by bloodplasma cells derived from B lymphocytes when in the presense of s pecific antigen, which then binds with the antigen, aiding it's destruction.[image] |
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| Three conswecutive bases in tRNA, complementary to a codon on RNA. |
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| Antiduiretic Hormone (ADH) |
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| Hormone secreted by the pituitary gland that controls the permeability of the walls of the collecting ducts of the kidney. |
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A substance capable of binding specifically to an antibody.
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| Reproduction not requiring gametes or fertilisation. |
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| The uptake of nutrients into cells and tissues. |
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| The deposition of cholestrol derivative plaque on inner wall of blood vessels.[image] |
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Mass of tissue in the wall of the right atrium, functionally part of the pacemaker mechanism.
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Tricuspid or bicuspid valve.
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One of the two upper chambers of the mammalian four chambered heart.
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| self-feeding; ableto synthesise it's own elaborated foods from simpler substances. |
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| Fibre carrying impulses away from the cell body of a neurone. |
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| Valve between atrium and ventricle on the left side of the mammalian heart. |
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| When a cell divides into two daughter cells, typically in the reproduction of prokaryotes. |
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| The process by which chemical substances become more concentrated at each trophic level. |
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| A major life-zone oover an area of the Earth, characterised by the dominant plant life present. |
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| The influence of living things on the environment of other living things. |
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| A pair of duplicated chromosomes, held together by chiasmata during meiosis. |
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| Small terminal branch of a bronchus. |
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| A tube connecting the trachea with the lungs. |
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| A cycle of reactions in the stroma of the chloroplast by which some of the product of the dark reaction if reformed as the acceptor molecule for CO2 (ribulose biphosphate). |
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| An individual that has one copy of the recessive allele that causes a genetic disease in individuals who are homozygous for this allele. |
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| One of the types of protein present in plasma membranes responsible for active transport across membranes. |
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| The stages of the heart beat,by which the atrial and then the ventrical walls alternately contract (systole) and relax (diastole). |
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| The breaking down of complex molecules in the biochemistry of cells. |
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| A substance that alters the rate of a chemical reaction, but remains unchanged at the end. |
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| The idea that transfer of genetic information from DNA of the chromosome to mRNA to protein (amino acid sequence) is irreversible. |
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| Constriction of the chromosome; the region that becomes attached to the spindle fibres in division. |
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| Organelle situated near the nucleus in animal cells, involved in the formation of the spindle prior to nuclear division. |
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| The site where crossing over of segments of DNA occurs. |
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| Organelle that is the site of photosynthesic pigment of green plants, and contains chlorophyll. |
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| The main photosynthetic pigment of green plants, |
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| The main photosynthetic pigment of green plants; occurs in the grana membranes of the chloroplasts. |
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| A lipid of animal plasma membranes transported in the blood as lipoprotein. |
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| One of two copis of a chromosome after replication. |
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| A nuclear protein material in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells at interphase; forms into chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis. |
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| Visible in appropriately stained cells at nuclear devision, each chromosome consists of a long thread of DNA packaged with protein; chromosomes replicate prior to, into chromatids. Contents of nucleus appears as granular chromatin between divisions |
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| product of the fusion of gametes |
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| Minute, intracellular parasite, formed of protein and nucleic acid |
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| Membrane-bound sac (used in bulk transport) |
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| Chamber, either of the centre of the brain, or of the heart (the bottom two chambers) |
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| Vessel that returns blood to the heart |
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| an organism that transmits a disease-causing organism, or a device for transferring genes during genetic engineering |
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| dilation of blood supply to capillaries (of skin) |
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| constriction of blood supply to capillaries (of skin) |
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| fluid-filled space in the cytoplasm, especially large and permanent in plant cells |
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| conferring immunity from a disease by injecting an antigen (of attenuated microorganisms or inactivated component) so that the body acquires antibodies prior to potential infection |
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| an insoluble purine, formed from the breakdown of nucleic acids and proteins |
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| lipid with double bond(s) in the hydrocarbon chain |
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| having high internal pressure |
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| a level in a food chain defined by the method of obtaining food and in which all organisms are the same number of energy transfers away from the original source of the energy (photosynthesis) |
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| a peptide of three amino acid residues |
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| fatty acid ester of the 3-carbon alcohol, glycerol- forms into globules because of its hydrophobic properties |
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| right atrio-ventricular valve |
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| Tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle |
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Definition
| the stage in tissue respiration in which pyruvate is broken down to carbon dioxide, and hydrogen is removed for subsequent oxidation |
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| loss of water vapour from the aerial parts of plants (leaves and stem) |
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| substances released into the synaptic cleft on arrival of an impulse at the pre-synaptic membrane to conduct the signal across the synapse |
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| the information of mRNA is decoded into protein (amino acid sequence) |
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| short lengths of specific RNA that combine with specific amino acids prior to protein synthesis |
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| when the DNA sequence is converted into mRNA |
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| a tendency or characteristic |
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| membrane around the plant cell vacuole |
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| biochemical steps by which energy is released from sugars |
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| collection of cells of similar structure and function |
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| an endocrine gland found in the neck of vertebrates, site of production of thyroxine and other hormones influencing the rate of metabolism |
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| blood clot formation, leading to blockage of a blood vessel |
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| the level of stimulation required to trigger an action potential (impulse) |
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