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| What are the 3 schools of thought on sustainable development? |
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Definition
1) Economic growth is necessary to finance pollution prevention
2) Science and technological advances can solve many environmental problems.
3) Economic and environmental well-being are mutually reinforcing, and must be pursued simultaneously |
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| How are the 3 schools alike and different? |
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Definition
1 & 2 - No need for change in environmental policies ; Environmental issues are a matter of setting priorities
3 - Need for change in fundamental economic policy ; Economic growth will create its own ruin if environmental issues are not priority |
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Definition
| Meets present needs without compromising ability of future generations to meet their own needs. |
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Definition
| a contradiction – can’t keep growing indefinitely |
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Definition
| applies only to renewable resources – use them at rates within their capacity for renewal |
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Definition
| can be formed or regenerated by natural processes |
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| examples of renewable resources |
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Definition
Sunlight
Wind
Vegetation
Animal Life
Air
Water |
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Definition
| cannot be replaced by natural processes, or those whose rate of replacement is exceptionally slow |
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| examples of nonrenewable resources |
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Definition
Mineral resources
Fossil fuels |
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Term
| Gaylord Nelson’s 5 Characteristics of Sustainability |
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Definition
Renewability
Substitution
Interdependence
Adaptability
Insitutional commitment |
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Definition
| use renewable resources no faster than they can be replaced |
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Definition
when possible, use renewable resources instead of nonrenewable resources
- difficult due to barriers to substitution (cost, society, etc.) |
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Definition
local communities recognize that the larger system must also be sustainable
- Does not get resources in a way that harms other communities, nor does it export waste |
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Definition
can change to take advantage of new opportunities
- Requires a diversified economy, educated citizens and a spirit of solidarity |
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adopts laws that mandate sustainability
- Economy supports sustainable production and consumption |
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Term
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Definition
Expenses, monetary or otherwise, borne by someone other than person using the resource
often ignored in cost-benefit analysis |
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Term
| three primary theories of moral responsibility |
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Definition
Anthropocentric
Biocentric
Ecocentric |
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Definition
Responsibility derived from human interests
Only humans are morally significant
Preservation for future consumption |
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Life-centered rather than human centered
All life forms have a right to exist
Animal Rights |
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Definition
Environment deserves direct moral consideration
The environment has an inherent value
Advocated by Aldo Leopold |
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