Shared Flashcard Set

Details

IAI, CCSA
Crime Scene Investigation: Fish, Miller, and Braswell (2nd Edition)
32
Criminology
Undergraduate 4
07/04/2014

Additional Criminology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
What are the 4 major goals of a crime scene search?
Definition

 

 

1.     Recognition and identification of physical evidence

 

2.     Collection and proper preservation of the evidence

 

3.     Reconstruction of the crime scene

 

4.     Assisting detectives in forming a theory about the crime

 

Term
What does "forensic science" begin with?
Definition
The effective identification, documentation, collection, and preservation of physical evidence at the crime scene
Term
What is the job of the CSI?
Definition
To properly recognize, identify, collect, and preserve those pieces of evidence that begin with the process known as justice.
Term
CSI's are responsible for what two steps of the admissibility of evidence into the court room?
Definition
Recognition and collection of evidence
Term
What are the four major factors that determine the value of physical evidence?
Definition
Recognition, collection, testing procedures, and courtroom presentation.
Term
What is the role of the Forensic Scientist?
Definition
Works with the crime lab performing scientific analysis on the evidence submitted by the CSI. 
Term
What is the role of the Forensic Anthropologist?
Definition
Be able to verify weather the remains are human or animal, the number of victims, and possibly establish a sequence of events that my indicate the approximate time that has passed since the death occurred. 
Term

What is the role of the Forensic Nurse?

 

Definition
Works directly to treat injuries to victims of violence, criminal activities, and motor vehicle crashes. 
Term
What is the forensic linkage?
Definition
Linking the victim, subject, and the scene together.
Term
How can physical evidence aid with the investigation?
Definition

1. Providing essential information on the facts of the case- corpus delicti

 

 

 

2. The preferred method of operations- modus operandi

 

 

 

3. Demonstrating linkages between the victim, subject, location, and objects (evidence)

 

 

 

4. Proving or disproving witness/victim/subject statements

 

 

 

5. Identifying a subject through DNA or other individualization

 

 

 

6. Classifying unknown subjects

 

 

 

7. Reconstructing the crime scene- how a crime was committed

 

 

 

8. Developing investigative leads

 

Term
What is associate evidence?
Definition
Items of physical evidence can be used to demonstrate linkages or to “associate” the victim to the subject or to a particular location. 
Term
What is a class characteristic?
Definition
associated to a general group source
Term
What is an individual characteristic?
Definition
associated to one source
Term
What is transient evidence?
Definition
evidence that may be lost forever if not immediately preserved.  (Example, a shoe impression found in snow that is melting)
Term
What are the 4 stages of crime scene documentation?
Definition

 

1.     Notes

 

2.     Photographs

 

3.     Sketches

 

4.     Videography

 

Term
How man steps are there in the FBI crime scene methodology?
Definition
12
Term
What is cross-contamination?
Definition
The transfer of material between two or more sources of physical evidence.
Term
What are bloodborne pahtogens?
Definition

infectious disease-causing microorganisms that may be found or transported in biological fluids.  Other fluids that may contain pathogens include urine, feces, tears, sweat, nasal secretions, saliva, semen, vaginal secretions, breast milk, and vomitus. 

 

Term
What are the most common bloodborne pahtogens?
Definition
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-AIDS), hepatitis, rabies, and sexual transmitted diseases (STDs)
Term
What is the general rule of the initial walkthrough/preliminary assessment?
Definition
Look, but dont' touch.
Term
What are the 7 main objectives for processing a crime scene?
Definition

1.     Reconstruct the incident.

 

2.     Ascertain the sequence of events.

 

3.     Determine the method of operation (MO)

 

4.     Disclose the motive.

 

5.     Uncover what property was stolen and from where?

 

6.     Determine what the perpetrator may have done before, during, and after the event.

 

7.     Identify, document, collect, and preserve physical evidence of the crime.

 

Term
What are some examples of transient evidence?
Definition
Hairs and fibers that might blow away, wet shoe prints that may dry and become invisible, chemicals that may evaporate, charred documents, and other perishable materials. 
Term
What is the first rule to collecting physical evidence?
Definition

Document the evidence through notes, photographs, measurements, and sketches, before the evidence is touched and collected.

 

Term
What is postprocessing of photographs?
Definition
The processes used after the crime scene photographs are taken that greatly improves the amount of information a photograph conveys.
Term
What are three forms of postprocessing?
Definition
Orientation, lighting, and contrast
Term
What are orientation, lighting, and contrast known as in postprocessing?
Definition
Global adjustments, because they effect the entire world within the image.
Term
What is the purpose of a crime scene sketch?
Definition
To createa permanent record of the actual size and distance relationships of the scene and the physical evidence
Term
What are the four types of crime scene sketches?
Definition

1.     floor plans

 

2.     elevation sketch

 

3.     site plans

 

4.     cross-sectional plans

 

Term
What are four types of measurements used to fix evidence within the scene?
Definition
Triangulation, baseline measurements, polar coordinates, and perspective grid.
Term
What is the proper order for collection and preservation of evidence?
Definition

1.     Transient

 

2.     Biological

 

3.     Latent

 

Term
What is the primary goal of crime scene reconstruction?
Definition
To reconstruct what happened and identify the perpetrators of the crime. To this end, the CSI should conduct an investigation that will help determine the sequence of events, the identity and movements of victims and perpetrators, and the location of evidence.

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