Term
| If one is to provide services in areas only within the boundaries of competence, what two things are required? |
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Definition
1. Graduate training in assessment
2. Supervised experience |
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Term
| You must obtain informed consent for what three things? |
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Definition
1. Assessments
2. Evaluations
3. Diagnostic Services |
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Term
| When do you not have to have informed consent? |
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Definition
| When testing is mandated by law or government regulations |
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Term
| What information should your informed consent contain? |
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Definition
1. The purpose (What is measured?)
2. Process (General Overview)
3. Info access (Who has access to their information) |
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Term
| You must get "consent" from adults, what must you get from minors? |
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Definition
| Assent - basically, an agreement to cooperate |
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Term
| ______________ require consent. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are 4 exceptions to breaking confidentiality? |
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Definition
1. Suspicion of child abuse
2. Fear of harm to oneself or to others
3. Fear of harm to a vulnerable population
4. Giving info about a client to insurance companies |
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Term
| Why is it important to keep test data and materials private? |
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Definition
| To protect the individual and our profession. It has taken many years of research to put these tests together. Having to start over would be a real tragedy. |
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Term
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Definition
| A primary obligation that results in reasonable precautions to protect a client's information. |
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Term
| What is "IDEA?" When was it established? What kind of law is it? |
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Definition
| Individuals with Disabilities Act, 2004, Federal and Educational |
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Term
| Name the 5 Federal laws associated with people with disabilities |
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Definition
IDEA
Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act
ADA
FERPA
HIPPA |
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Term
| Who does IDEA apply to? Who enforces it? What does it state? |
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Definition
| All educational institutions that receive federal funding...OSERS....all children have the right to FAPE and LRE |
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Term
| What 3 things do Section 504 and ADA have in common? |
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Definition
1. Civil rights laws
2. Apply to all people with disabilities
3. Requires reasonable accommodations in the general education setting and workplace. |
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Term
| What are 3 characteristics of FERPA? |
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Definition
a. Protects the privacy of students' educational records
b. Applies to all students and all school districts that receive federal funds
c. Parents and eligible students have the right to review records |
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Term
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Definition
| HIPPA regulates how health care providers handle individual's personal health and medical information. |
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Term
| What are 3 ways HIPPA handles personal health care and medical info? |
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Definition
a.) copy of health records upon request
b.) permits correction
c.) consent to release |
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Term
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Definition
| Scale - a system for assigning values or scores to some measurable trait or characteristic. |
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Term
| What are 4 types of measurement scales? |
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Definition
| Nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio |
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| property of order; ranking |
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Term
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Definition
| property of order and equal intervals; IQ scores for example, or temperature (degrees) |
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Term
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Definition
| order; equal intervals and zero point (Ex. number of items correct) |
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Term
| What are the 3 Measures of Central Tendency? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is something to note about the mean? |
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Definition
| It is going to be the most useful, but it can be affected by outliers. |
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Term
| When can the median be a better measurement (of central tendencies)? |
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Definition
| When you have severe outliers |
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Term
| What are the 3 most common Measures of Dispersion? |
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Definition
| ranger, variance, and standard deviation |
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Term
| How do you find the range? |
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Definition
| Find the highest #, then subtract the lowest # from it. |
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Term
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Definition
| a measure of the amount of variability of scores around the mean |
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Term
| What should you note about "variance?" |
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Definition
| The greater the variability, the greater the variance. |
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Term
| How do you calculate the variance? |
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Definition
| By comparing every score in the distribution to the mean of the distribution. |
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Term
| Define: Standard deviation |
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Definition
| SD - another measure of how much scores vary, or deviate, from the mean. |
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Term
| Which of the 3 Methods of Dispersion is the most preferred? |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| Standard Score - Raw score that has been transformed to have a designated mean and SD |
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Term
| What are the 4 types of Reliability? |
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Definition
Internal consistency
Test-retest
Alternate form
Interrater |
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Term
| Describe: Internal Consistency |
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Definition
| Internal Consistency - Based on the scores that individuals obtain during single administration of a test; how consistently does a person answer different items on one test, Cronbach's alpha |
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Term
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Definition
| Test-Retest - Computed from scores obtained from one test given on two different occasions; smaller the time interval, the greater the reliability. |
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Term
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Definition
| Determined by creating 2 different, but parallel forms of measure and administering the two forms to the same group. |
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Term
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Definition
| Interrater - Refers to the degree in which raters agree; % of agreement b/w different evaluations. |
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Term
| We need a high reliability quotient, usually _______ or higher, for tests used in individual assessment. |
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Definition
Clinical - .80
Decision-making - .90 |
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Term
| Obtained score = _____ Score + _____ Score |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 4 types of Validity? |
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Definition
| Face, content, criterion-related, and construct |
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Term
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Definition
| How a test looks on the surface |
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Term
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Definition
| Do the questions/items actually measure what they are supposed to measure? |
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Term
| What is criterion-related validity? (2) |
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Definition
a. concurrent (back-to-back)
b. predictive (administer test, then test at a later date) |
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Term
| Who is responsible for providing test validity? |
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Definition
| The publishers of the test |
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Term
| What is YOUR responsibility as a test administer? |
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Definition
| To use the test for what it was meant for. |
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Term
| Why is it important to have a basic knowledge of statistical and psychometric concepts? |
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Definition
a.) You need to be able to understand what #s other clinicians are using
b.) allows you to understand research
c.) stats reduce large amounts of data to a manageable size |
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Term
| Why should we study large (rather than small) groups of people? |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Measurement - a process of assigning quantitative values to objects or events according to certain rules. |
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Term
| What do Psychometrics do? |
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Definition
| They attempt to measure individual differences and describe variability in human characteristics |
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Term
| __________ ___________ summarize data obtained about a sample of individuals (a.k.a. the norm group) |
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Definition
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Term
| What are four examples/kinds of descriptive statistics? |
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Definition
Normal curves
Standard scores
Measures of central tendency
Measures of dispersion |
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Term
| What percentage of cases are 1 SD from the mean? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What is a feature of a normal curve? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What % of cases are 3 SD from the mean? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What should you remember about scores? |
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Definition
| You will have far more scores closer, rather than further from the mean. |
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Term
| What are three Deviations from Normal? |
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Definition
*Leptokurtic
*Platykurtic
*Skewed Distributions |
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Term
| What is Leptokurtic vs. Platykurtic? |
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Definition
Lept - "peaked" more than normal
Plat - "flatter" than normal |
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Term
| Describe: Skewed Distributions |
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Definition
| Over 50% of the scores fall on one side of the distribution |
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Term
| What do measures of central tendency do? |
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Definition
| They identify a single score that best describes the scores in a data set. |
|
|
Term
| what are the 3 most commonly used measures of central tendencies? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What do measures of dispersion do? |
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Definition
| MoD describe the spread of scores in the dataset from the mean. |
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Term
| What are the 3 measures of dispersion? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is "r"? and define what it does... |
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Definition
| "r" is the degree to which events or characteristics vary with each other |
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Term
| What are the degrees of range variance? |
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Definition
| -1 to +1.....they denote strength and direction. -+1= perfect relationship, 0=no relationship, .5= moderately strong |
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Term
| What is true (most of the time) about variable? |
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Definition
| If one variable goes up, the other one goes up with it!!! |
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Term
| What are the 3 characterisitcs of norm tests? IMPORTANT TO KNOW!!!! |
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Definition
1.) Scaled scores
2.) Standardized
3.) Norm group |
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Term
| What do Derived Scores indicate? |
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Definition
| The individual's standing relative to the norm group. |
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Term
| What are four types of Derived Scores? |
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Definition
Standard scores - (Z, T, DI, Subtest scale tests)
Percentile ranks
Age-equivalent scores
Grade-equivalent scores |
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|
Term
| Define/describe: Standard Scores |
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Definition
| Raw scores that have been transformed to have a designated mean and standard deviation. |
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|
Term
| what are 3 types of raw scores? |
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Definition
1.) Z score
2.) T score
3.) Deviation IQ |
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Term
|
Definition
| Z score has a mean of zero, SD of 1 |
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Term
|
Definition
| T score has a mean of 50, SD of 10 |
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Term
|
Definition
| Deviation IQ - has a mean of 100, SD of 15. |
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Term
| What is an example of a raw score? |
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Definition
| The number of items correct out of a set number of items. =) |
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Term
| What are the Subtest Reliability Minimums? |
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Definition
.70-.79 = relatively stable
.60-.60 = marginally reliable
below .60 are unreliable |
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Term
|
Definition
| What a test measures and how well it measures it. |
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Term
| Who developed the first IQ test? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What edition of the Stanford Binet IQ test are we currently using? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Who did not consider intelligence as a single unitary construct, but a collection of faculties? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Who revised the Stanford IQ scales and adopted the mental quotient (IQ)? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Who defined intelligence as the ability to carry on abstract thinking? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Who cautioned us on placing too much emphasis on the results of a single IQ test? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Who first developed a test that could identify MR children? What was the year? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Who is responsible for the WPPIS, WISC, and WAIS? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who said intelligence is composed of qualitatively different abilities, not necessarily the sum of those abilities. |
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Definition
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Term
| Who said, "Intelligence can be recognized by what it enables us to do that the measurement of various aspects of intelligence are possible, BUT the scores we achieve do not fully capture intelligence?" |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Who argued that intelligence is a basic life function that helps an organism adapt to its environment? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What was Piaget's background in? What science? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the statement, "Intelligence is an attribute, not an entity" mean? |
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Definition
| It reflects a summation of learning experiences unique to an individual. |
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Term
| Why does intelligence vary across cultures? |
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Definition
| Because intelligence reflects the summation of learning and what/how we learn is culturally different. |
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Term
| What do Western cultures value in regard to intelligence? |
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Definition
| Problem-solving, logical, and conceptual aspects. |
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Term
| What do Eastern cultures value in regard to intelligence? |
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Definition
| Holistic learning, social mature, identification of complexity and contradictions within a given situation. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Factor Analysis - Statistical analysis that takes a large number of variables, skills, or objects in a data set......and AIMS to identify a small number of factors that explain interrelationships among variables, skills, or objects that is less complex (Spearman) |
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Term
| Factor Analytic Theories fall into 2 categories: |
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Definition
1.) General and Specific Factor Theory (Spearman, Vernon, and Carroll)
2.) Multifactor Theory - Thorndike, Thurnston, Guilford, Horn and Cattell |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What requires a lot of "g?" |
|
Definition
| Reasoning, comprehension, and hypothesis testing |
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|
Term
| What require only low amounts of "g"? |
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Definition
| Processing speed, visual and motor skills |
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|
Term
| Who developed a 3 Stratum Theory of Intelligence? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Fluid intell. is sensitive to what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is crystallized intell.? |
|
Definition
| Knowledge acquired through schooling |
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Term
| Who influenced current thinking concerning intelligence by focusing attention on 2 broad dimensions of intellect? And what were those two? |
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Definition
| Horn and Cattell, Fluid and crystallized |
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Term
| What is the key difference b/w Carroll ans Horn-Catell? |
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Definition
| Carroll argued that there was enough research to support an overall g factor. |
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Term
| What is the most widely accepted theory of intelligence available today? |
|
Definition
| CHC Theory of Intelligence (Carroll, Horn, and Cattell) |
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Term
| Which theory proposes an overall g, 9-10 broad domains of abilities, and 69-70 narrow abilities? |
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Definition
| CHC Theory of Intelligence |
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|
Term
| What are two alternate views of intelligence? |
|
Definition
| Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligences and Sternberg's Triarchic Theory of Intell. |
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|
Term
| How many forms of intell. did Gardner propose? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 8 forms of intell. Gardner proposed? |
|
Definition
1.linguistic
2.logical-mathematical
3.musical
4.spacial
5.bodily-kinesthetic
6.intrapersonal
7.interpersonal
8.naturalistic |
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