Shared Flashcard Set

Details

I/O Teams in Organizations
Key terms covering I/O psych material concerning teams, teamwork, and issues involved in the subject matter.
87
Psychology
Undergraduate 3
03/08/2012

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Common information effect
Definition
info held by more members of a team before team discussion has more influence on team judgements than info held by fewer members, not dependent on validity of info
Term
hidden profiles
Definition
a conclusion that is apparent only after team members have fully shared their information
Term
teamwork mental model
Definition
common understanding that members of a group have about how something works, form expectations of what others will do in a situation, develop through role identification (KSAs)
Term
mental model
Definition
mental representations of the world which allow people to understand, predict, solve problems in a situation
Term
accuracy of a model
Definition
use of incorrect models can result in negative outcomes
Term
correspondence regarding mental models
Definition
greater the overlap of commonality between members' mental models, the greater the likelihood that team members will predict the needs of the task and team, adapt to changing demands, and coordinate activity with one another
Term
transactive memory systems (TMS)
Definition
knowledge of who knows what on teams, members are like an external hard drive of info
Term
developing TMS
Definition
high correspondence between workers' experiences during training and on the job
Term
overconfidence
Definition
focus on teammate's strengths instead of weaknesses, neglect strengths/weaknesses of members of competitor teams
Term
confirmation bias
Definition
only look at evidence that supports their position or hypothesis
Term
groupthink
Definition
thinking in groups that leaves members unable to carefully eval important decisions, the desire for harmony/cohesion override realistic alternatives, the Challenger explosion unfortunately happened due to groupthink
Term
conditions leading to groupthink: overestimation of group
Definition
members of group believe they are invulnerable and morally correct
Term
conditions leading to groupthink: close mindedness
Definition
groups engage in collective rationalization and stereotype outgroup members
Term
conditions leading to groupthink: pressures toward conformity
Definition
group members suppress reservations to avoid being singled out
Term
groupthink
Definition
thinking in groups that leaves members unable to carefully eval important decisions, the desire for harmony/cohesion override realistic alternatives, the Challenger explosion unfortunately happened due to groupthink
Term
conditions leading to groupthink: overestimation of group
Definition
members of group believe they are invulnerable and morally correct
Term
conditions leading to groupthink: close mindedness
Definition
groups engage in collective rationalization and stereotype outgroup members
Term
conditions leading to groupthink: pressures toward conformity
Definition
group members suppress reservations to avoid being singled out
Term
approaches for combating groupthink
Definition
anonymous feedback, have someone play devil's advocate, manage group size, have face-saving plan
Term
escalation of commitment
Definition
idea that once you've already put resources behind something, a lot of times you continue down that path even though it may not be good, escalated the more time/resources we put into it, well this is a lost cause but i'll do it anyway
Term
abilene paradox
Definition
form of pluralistic ignorance, group members adopt a position because they feel other members desire it, members want to avoid conflict/achieve consensus
Term
avoiding abilene paradox
Definition
confront issue in team setting, conduct private vote, take responsibility, minimize status differences, make forum for controversial views
Term
pluralistic ignorance
Definition
group members adopt a position because they feel other team members desire it, person limits themselves, could contribute an opinion, but you don't
Term
causes of self-limiting behavior
Definition
lack of confidence in ability to contribute, person of authority is present, an argument sounds logical so you don't know how to combat it, dysfunctional team climate
Term
group polarization
Definition
the tendency for deliberating groups to move to a more extreme position, with the direction of the shift determined by the majority or avg of the members pre deliberation preferences
Term
risky shift
Definition
aspect of group polarization, initial tendency of war go far war, initial tendency of racism become more racist
Term
cautious shift
Definition
aspect of group polarization, if a medication is pulled from the market FDA decreases patents of other meds
Term
Vroom, Yetton, Jago’s normative model
Definition
this is a decision making model that indicates the style of decision making that is used by the leader should be dependent upon the situation, use a decision tree, one side is democratic where the other is autocratic
Term
task conflict
Definition
disagreements about task (you offer idea, someone else offers opposing idea), this is positive conflict
Term
relationship conflict
Definition
personality clashes,not getting along on personal level, picking at each other and not on task, negative conflict
Term
process conflict
Definition
how we go about doing task (I wanna do this, no I wanna do this, one person should present, no two people should), this is negative conflict
Term
two threats to team creativity
Definition
social loafing: tendency for people to slack of in a group

conformity: won't speak up, afraid others may not like what you have to say
Term
creative realism
Definition
something is both creative and realistic in Finke's model, upper left quadrant
Term
perceptual conflict composition
Definition
degree to which people in a group perceive different levels of conflict, two members in a group might perceive conflict while the rest do not
Term
approaches to management conflict: rights based
Definition
applying standard of fairness, you said you'd do this
Term
approaches to management conflict: power based
Definition
usage of force or intimidation
Term
approaches to management conflict: interest based
Definition
satisfying both groups
Term
egocentric bias
Definition
you think you deserve more
Term
proportional conflict
Definition
describes the relationship among the two types of conflict (relationship and task) as the level of each type of conflict proportional to the other and to the overall level of conflict within the group.
Term
DUTCH scale (5 parts) concern for other vs concern for self on xy graph
Definition
forcing, yielding, avoiding, problem solving, compromising
Term
Finke's model of creativity (2 dimensions), xyz graph
Definition
creativity: conservative vs creative ideas

structural connectedness: ideas that work with already existing products
Term
brainwriting
Definition
group members don't talk and just write down ideas in key points during brainstorm session
Term
nominal group brainstorming technique
Definition
silently write down ideas then share them in a round robin style, each idea given identification number, then discuss each item for clarification
Term
anonymous nominal group brainstorming technique
Definition
write ideas on individual notecards, facilitator collects/shuffles notecards, redistributes them randomly to members who then read cards aloud
Term
rotating nominal group brainstorming technique
Definition
same as anonymous
Term
stepladder brainstorming technique
Definition
members added one by one to core team, discuss their solutions before hearing already created solutions
Term
3 indices of measuring group creativity
Definition
fluency: how many ideas a group generates

flexibility: how many types of ideas a team generates

originality: ability to generate unusual solutions/unique answers to solve problems
Term
multiteam systems (MTS)
Definition
[t]wo or more teams that interface directly and interdependently in response to environmental contingencies toward the accomplishment of collective goals. MTS boundaries are defined by virtue of the fact that all teams within the system, while pursuing different proximal goals, share at least one common distal goal; and in doing so, exhibit input, process and outcome interdependence with at least one other team in the system
Term
component teams (MTS)
Definition
In MTSs, component teams each pursue proximal team goals (not shared with other teams in the system) and at the same time, work toward the larger system level goal.
Term
MTS design challenges
Definition
even though boundary spanning often increases cognitive growth, teams usually exhibit cognitive territoriality in response to presence of others (ie old timers use greater amount of own ideas after newcomers arrive)
Term
boundary spanner external role
Definition
act as bridge between groups who wouldn't normally interact, exposed to more ideas
Term
gatekeeper external role
Definition
controls flow of info to/from a team
Term
bufferer external role
Definition
protects team from bad/disappointing news that would damage morale
Term
spokesperson external role
Definition
voice of the team-position determined by team members or outside members who choose who to contact
Term
managers (what do they do?)
Definition
budget, eval, facilitate
Term
leaders (what do they do?)
Definition
selecting talent, motivating, coaching, building trust, directing a group toward a goal
Term
leadership paradox
Definition
teams need leaders, but the presence of a leader doesn't always ensure teams will be effective, may even hinder a group's autonomy
Term
implicit leadership theory
Definition
preconceived ideas that specify what teams expect of their leaders, leaders must manage those perceptions
Term
great man leadership theory
Definition
great leaders are born, not made
Term
House's path goal leadership theory
Definition
leader is considered the facilitator or guide to help the group overcome obstacles to achieving goals, produce the necessary conditions to insure the goals are compatible with the group's mission
Term
leadership member exchange model (LMX)
Definition
focus is on relationships that emerge between leader/members, in group and out group, quality of l/m relationship is higher for this in in group
Term
romantic leadership
Definition
leader elicits trust with people and increase people's self esteem, goals are unclear in the environment, use transformational styles of leadership (we can do it!)
Term
team coaching
Definition
you guys should find your own goals, facilitate people, you can do it! , direct interaction w/ a team intended to help members make coordinated and task appropriate use of their collective resources, better in earlier stages
Term
shared leadership
Definition
leadership pushed down to level of team and lets leader emerge
Term
rotated leadership
Definition
leader is specifically assigned and then rotate through several different leaders and share leadership
Term
interdependent self
Definition
external, public such as status, belonging, indirect in communication
Term
independent self
Definition
internal feelings/abilities, promoting own goals, expressing self, more western world, direct in communication
Term
psychological collectivism
Definition
looking at individual difference variables (ie preference for teamwork, reliance,concern for others), willingness to rely on people got people off on a bad start (ie social loafing), goal priority was a strong predictor of an end state performance
Term
discontinuity effect
Definition
group vs group (intergroup) conflict tends to be more competitive than individual vs individual (intragroup) conflict, groups are greedier/more feared/need to maximize outcomes/diffusion of responsibility
Term
social dominance theory
Definition
a natural tendency for people to form subgroups that compete for power and resources, subordinate groups have negative outcomes, dominant groups attempt to justify (ie male discrimination against females)
Term
reciprocity intergroup conflict
Definition
respond w/ threats to threats, respond w/ cooperation to cooperation
Term
anger and scapegoating
Definition
someone you blame even when things are going well
Term
evolutionary perspective
Definition
by defining self with one community create ingroup outgroup distinction
Term
outgroup homogeneity bias
Definition
everyone in your group is similar, people assume much greater similarity of opinions/beliefs/interests in outgroups, see their own group as more diverse in thoughts
Term
law of small numbers
Definition
inferences regarding a large group is based upon knowledge of only a small sample size of that group (all christians are crazy)
Term
contact hypothesis
Definition
prejudice will decrease as contact w/ group increases
Term
conditions needed for contact to reduce conflict (SPEC)
Definition
supportive authorities, personal interaction, equal treatment, common goals
Term
media richness
Definition
face to face is very rich while memos are lean, complex issues require rich media (face to face)
Term
how physical distance may influence teams
Definition
members feel cut off, no informal chatting, no observational learning, disconnected feedback, out of the loop
Term
virtual team
Definition
task-focused group that meets without all members necessarily being present or working at the same time
Term
threats unique to virtual teams
Definition
distance may dampen motivation/effort, asynchronic method of communication may make people fall out of touch
Term
interpersonal solutions to improve virtual work
Definition
one day video conference, initial face-to-face meeting, group support system
Term
cultural intelligence
Definition
person's capability to adapt effectively to new cultural contexts, believed to enhance likelihood that teams on global assignments will engage in learning
Term
cultural values (3x3)
Definition
individualism vs collectivism

egaltarianism vs hierarchy

direct communicators vs indirect communicators
Term
power distance
Definition
high power distance collectivist society: supposed to be a superior so self managing won't work, don't challenge them!
Term
social categorization
Definition
when we meet people in team we categorize them into subgroups, people prefer themselves over someone who speaks predominantly a different language
Term
prisoner's dilemma
Definition
foundation isn't trust but how durable is relationship
Supporting users have an ad free experience!