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I/O PSY test 2
Muchinsky's Pschology applied to work: ch. 4-6
89
Psychology
Undergraduate 4
03/12/2012

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Term
Psychometric
Definition
measurement (“metric”)
of properties of the mind
(from the Greek word
“psyche”). The standard
used to measure the
quality of psychological assessments
Term
Reliability
Definition
A standard for evaluating
tests that refers to the
consistency, stability,
or equivalence of test
scores. Often contrasted
with validity. As a
rule, reliability coefficients around .70 are professionally acceptable
Term
Test–retest reliability
Definition
A type of reliability that
reveals the stability
of test scores upon
repeated applications of the test
Term
coefficient of stability
Definition
reflects the stability of the test over time.
Term
Equivalent-form reliability
Definition
A type of reliability that
reveals the equivalence
of test scores between
two versions or forms of the test
Term
coefficient of
equivalence
Definition
reflects the extent to which the two forms are equivalent measures of the
same concept
Term
Internal-consistency reliability
Definition
A type of reliability that
reveals the homogeneity
of the items comprising
a test.
Term
split-half reliability
Definition
researcher divides the items in half, Each person gets two sets of scores
which are correlated.
Term
Cronbach’s alpha or Kuder-Richardson 20
Definition
response to
each item is correlated with the response to every other item.
Term
Inter-rater reliability
Definition
A type of reliability that
reveals the degree of
agreement among the
assessments of two or
more raters
Term
Validity
Definition
A standard for
evaluating tests that
refers to the accuracy
or appropriateness
of drawing inferences
from test scores.
Often contrasted with
reliability.
Term
Construct validity
Definition
The degree to which a
test is an accurate and
faithful measure of the
construct it purports to
measure.
Term
convergent validity coefficients
Definition
reflect the degree to which scores converge in assessing a common concept
Term
divergent validity coefficients
Definition
reflect the degree to which
scores diverge from each other in assessing unrelated concepts
Term
Criterion-related
validity
Definition
The degree to which
a test forecasts or is
statistically related to a
criterion.
Term
concurrent criterion-related validity
Definition
how well a predictor can predict a criterion at the same time there is no time interval between collecting the predictor and criterion data
Term
predictive criterion-related validity
Definition
collect predictor information
and use it to forecast future criterion performance
Term
Validity coefficient
Definition
A statistical index (often expressed as a correlation coefficient)
that reveals the degree of association between
two variables. desired range > .30
Term
Content validity
Definition
The degree to which
subject matter experts
agree that the items in a
test are a representative
sample of the domain
of knowledge the test
purports to measure.
Term
Face validity
Definition
The appearance that
items in a test are
appropriate for the
intended use of the test
by the individuals who
take the test.
Term
Inventory
Definition
Method of assessment in
which the responses to
questions are recorded
and interpreted but are
not evaluated in terms
of their correctness, as
in a vocational interest
inventory.
Term
Speed test
Definition
A type of test that has
a precise time limit; a
person’s score on the test
is the number of items
attempted in the time
period.
Term
Power test
Definition
A type of test that usually
does not have a precise
time limit;
Term
Performance test
Definition
test that
requires the test taker
to exhibit physical skill
in the manipulation of
objects
Term
Mental
Measurements
Yearbooks (MMY)
Definition
A classic set of reference
books in psychology
that provide reviews and
critiques of published
tests in the public
domain.
Term
g
Definition
The symbol for “general
mental ability,” which
has been found to be
predictive of success in
most jobs.
Term
Big 5 personality
theory
Definition
personality in
terms of fi ve major
factors: neuroticism,
extraversion, openness
to experience,
agreeableness, and
conscientiousness.
Term
Integrity test
Definition
test that
purports to assess a
candidate’s honesty or
character.
Term
Situational judgment
test
Definition
test that
describes a problem
to the test taker and
requires the test taker
to rate various possible
solutions in terms
of their feasibility or
applicability.
Term
Unstructured
interview
Definition
questions are different
across all candidates.
Term
Structured interview
Definition
questions are consistent
across all candidates.
Term
Situational interview
Definition
candidates
are presented with a
problem and asked how
they would respond
Term
Work samples
Definition
candidate
demonstrates
profi ciency on a task
representative of the
work performed in
the job.
Term
Situational exercise
Definition
A method of assessment
in which examinees
are presented with a
problem and asked how
they would respond
to it.
Term
Assessment center
Definition
A technique for assessing
job candidates in a
specifi c location using
a series of structured,
group-oriented
exercises that are
evaluated by raters.
Term
Biographical
information
Definition
Biographical
information
Term
Graphology
Definition
A method of assessment
in which characteristics
of a person’s handwriting
are evaluated and
interpreted.
Term
Protected group
Definition
A designation for
members of society
who are granted
legal status by virtue
of a demographic
characteristic, such as
race, sex, national origin,
color, religion, age, and
disability.
Term
Adverse impact
Definition
A type of unfair
discrimination in which
the result of using a
particular personnel
selection method
has a negative effect
on protected group
members compared
with majority group
members.
Term
Disparate treatment
Definition
A type of unfair
discrimination in
which protected
group members are
afforded differential
employment procedures
compared to members
of other groups.
Term
Diversity
Definition
A goal of staffi ng
whereby demographic
differences in society
are reflected in the
workforce.
Term
Diversity-validity
dilemma
Definition
The paradox of
organizations being
unable to simultaneously
hire the most qualifi ed
applicants and members
of the full range of
demographic groups that
populate society.
Term
Affirmative action
Definition
A social policy that
advocates members of
protected groups will be
actively recruited and
considered for selection
in employment.
Term
Regression analysis
Definition
A statistical procedure
used to predict one
variable on the basis of
another variable.
Term
Multiple correlation
Definition
The degree of
predictability (ranging
from 0 to 1.00) in
forecasting one variable
on the basis of two or
more other variables.
Term
Multiple regression
analysis
Definition
A statistical procedure
used to predict one
variable on the basis
of two or more other
variables.
Term
Validity
generalization
Definition
the degree to which a
predictive relationship
empirically established
in one context spreads
to other populations or
contexts.
Term
Personnel selection
Definition
The process of
determining those
applicants who are
selected for hire versus
those who are rejected.
Term
Predictor cutoff
Definition
A score on a test that
differentiates those who
passed the test from
those who failed;
Term
Selection ratio
Definition
A numeric index ranging
between 0 and 1 that
refl ects the selectivity of
the hiring organization in
fi lling jobs; the number
of job openings divided
by the number of job
applicants.
Term
Base rate
Definition
The percentage of
current employees in a
job who are judged to
be performing their jobs
satisfactorily.
Term
Criterion cutoff
Definition
A standard that
separates successful
from unsuccessful job
performance.
Term
True positives
Definition
individuals who were
correctly selected
for hire because they
became successful
employees.
Term
True negatives
Definition
individuals who were
correctly rejected for
employment because
they would have been
unsuccessful employees.
Term
False negatives
Definition
individuals who were
incorrectly rejected for
employment because
they would have been
successful employees.
Term
False positives
Definition
individuals who were
incorrectly accepted for
employment because
they were unsuccessful
employees.
Term
Banding
Definition
A method of interpreting
test scores such that
scores of different
magnitude in a numeric
range or band (e.g.,
90–95) are regarded as
being equivalent.
Term
Utility
Definition
the economic value of making
personnel decisions.
Term
Placement
Definition
The process of assigning
individuals to jobs based
on one test score.
Term
Classification
Definition
The process of assigning
individuals to jobs based
on two or more test
scores.
Term
Training
Definition
The process through
which the knowledge
and skills of employees
are enhanced.
Term
Learning
Definition
The process by which
change in knowledge or
skills is acquired through
education or experience.
Term
Declarative
knowledge
Definition
A body of knowledge
about facts and things.
Term
Knowledge
compilation
Definition
The body of knowledge
acquired as a result of
learning.
Term
Procedural
knowledge
Definition
knowledge
about how to use
information to
address issues and
solve problems.
Term
perceptual speed abilities
Definition
Th e individual develops
a basic understanding of how to perform the task but seeks a more efficient method
for accomplishing the task with minimal attentional eff ort.
Term
Programmed
instruction
Definition
The most basic
computer-based training
that provides for selfpaced
learning.
Term
Intelligent tutoring
systems
Definition
A sophisticated type of
computer-based training
that uses artifi cial
intelligence to customize
learning to the individual.
Term
Interactive
multimedia training
Definition
A type of computerbased
training that
combines visual and
auditory information
to create a realistic
but nonthreatening
environment.
Term
Virtual reality
training
Definition
computerbased
training that
uses three-dimensional
computer-generated
imagery.
Term
Business games
Definition
training
that simulates a business
environment with
specifi c objectives to
achieve and rules for
trainees to follow.
Term
Behavior modeling
Definition
training
that makes use of
imitative learning and
reinforcement to modify
human behavior.
Term
Error management
training
Definition
A system of training in
which employees are
encouraged to make
errors, and then learn
from their mistakes.
Term
Management
development
Definition
process by which
individuals serving
in management or
leadership positions
are trained to better
perform the job.
Term
Melting pot
conception
Definition
A concept behind
facilitating relationships
among people of
different cultures based
on them relinquishing
their individual cultural
identities to form a
new, unified culture as
a means of coexisting.
Term
Multicultural
conception
Definition
A concept behind
facilitating relationships
among people of
different cultures based
on them retaining
their individual cultural
identities as a means
of coexisting.
Term
Cultural diversity
training
Definition
training
directed at improving
interpersonal sensitivity
and awareness of
cultural differences
among employees.
Term
Attitude change
Definition
focus on an awareness of diversity and the personal factors
that most strongly influence our behavior toward others
Term
behavior change
Definition
emphasizes changing organizational policies and
individual behaviors that limit employee productivity
Term
Expatriate training
Definition
employee who serves on an overseas assignment
Term
Sexual harassment
Definition
Unwelcome sexual
advances, requests
for sexual favors, and
other verbal or physical
conduct of a sexual
nature that creates an
intimidating, hostile,
or offensive work
environment.
Term
Quid pro quo sexual
harassment
Definition
A legal classification of
harassment in which
specified organizational
rewards are offered
in exchange for sexual
favors.
Term
Hostile environment
sexual harassment
Definition
A legal classifi cation
of sexual harassment
in which individuals
regard conditions in
the workplace (such
as unwanted touching
or off-color jokes)
as offensive.
Term
Executive coaching
Definition
An individualized
developmental process
for business leaders
provided by a trained
professional
Term
Transfer of training
Definition
The degree of
generalizability of the
behaviors learned
in training to those
behaviors evidenced on
the job that enhance
performance.
Term
Reaction criteria
Definition
A standard for judging
the effectiveness of
training that refers to
the reactions or feelings
of individuals about the
training they received.
Term
Learning criteria
Definition
A standard for judging
the effectiveness of
training that refers to
the amount of new
knowledge and skills
acquired through
training.
Term
Behavioral criteria
Definition
A standard for judging
the effectiveness of
training that refers to
changes in performance
that are exhibited on the
job as a result of training.
Term
Results criteria
Definition
A standard for judging
the effectiveness of
training that refers to
the economic value
that accrues to the
organization as a
function of the new
behaviors exhibited on
the job.
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