Term
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Definition
-autonomic nervous system activity and endocrine receptors
-regulates behaviors related to survival |
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Term
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Definition
| fighting, feeding, fleeing, mating |
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Term
Contextual info-->Hypothalamus<--Sensory Inputs
|->? |
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Definition
| Visceral motor, somatic motor, neuroendocrine behavioral response |
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Term
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Definition
| cerebral cortex, amygdala, hippocampal formation |
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Term
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Definition
| compare input to biological set points |
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Term
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Definition
| visceral and somatic sensory pathways |
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Term
| Nucleus of the solitary tract |
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Definition
-main input of hypothalamus
-receives sensory infer from the vagus nerve |
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Term
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Definition
-main input of hypo
-receives inputs from spinal cord (ex: spinoreticular) |
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Term
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Definition
-main input of hypo
- some fibers of the optic nerve project directly to the suprachiasmatic nucleus for entrainment of circadian rhythms |
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Term
| Limbic and olfactory systems |
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Definition
| the amyglada, hippocampus, and olfactory cortex project to the hypothalamus |
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Term
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Definition
-neuroendocrine cells in the hypothalamus secrete releasing factors into the hypothalmo-hypophoseal portal system
-releasing factors travel to anterior PG
- cells in the PG release hormones into the blood |
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Term
| 6 hormones the Anterior PG releases |
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Definition
| adrenocorticotropic hormone, thyroid stimulating, follicle stimulating, lutienizing hormone, prolactin, growth hormone |
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Term
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Definition
-neuroendocrine cells in the hypothalamus
-neuroendocrine cells project down the hypophyseal stalk to the posterior pituitary gland
-hormones made in the hypothalamus are released directly in peripheral circulation (oxytoxcin, vasospression) |
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Term
| Lesions of ventromedial nucleus/medial hypothalamus |
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Definition
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Term
| Lesions in lateral hypothalamus |
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Definition
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Term
| Lesions in Anterior hypothalamus/preoptic |
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Definition
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Term
| Lesions in posterior hypothalamus |
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Definition
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Term
| lesions preoptic area, organum vasculosum of the lamina terminals, subfornical organ |
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Definition
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Term
| Lesions in paraventricular and supraoptic |
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Definition
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Term
| Pituitary gland connected to hypo by? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
anterior (adenohypohysis)
posterior (neurohypophysis) |
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Term
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Definition
neural signals to the autonomic system
endocrine signals to/through the pituitary |
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Term
| Neural signals to the autonomic system |
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Definition
-lateral hypothalamus projects to the lateral medulla
-vagal nuclei and other descending systems that control heart rate, vasoconstriction, sweating, digestion |
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Term
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Definition
| -magnocellular neurons in paraventricular nucleus and supraoptic nucleus secrete oxytocin and vasopression directly into blood steam |
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Term
| Hypothalamic regulation of the gonads (basic pattern is the same for males and females) |
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Definition
| CNS-->hypothalamus-->Anterior PG-->gonads |
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Term
| Male and female differences |
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Definition
-pattern of LHRH, LH and FSH release
-pattern and quantity of steroid hormone production
-sensitivity of the hypothalamus to feedback signals |
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Term
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Definition
-more diverse then copulation
-courting, care, nest building, young, grooming, aggressions |
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Term
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Definition
| induces development of testis |
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Term
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Definition
| anti-mullerian hormone (defeminizing effect) |
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Term
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Definition
| stimulate Woliffian system developmenet |
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Term
| Role of alpha fetaprotein |
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Definition
| blocks action of circulating estrogens - prevents estrogen from getting through BBB of mother during pregnancy |
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Term
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Definition
| fallopian tubes, uterus, 2/3 of vagina |
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Term
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Definition
| epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles |
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Term
| Regression of Mullerian ducts |
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Definition
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Term
| Development of Wolfian ducts |
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Definition
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Term
| external male reproductive structures require |
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Definition
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Term
| 9 weeks: Presence of SRY gene |
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Definition
| developing glans of penis, urethral groove, fused urogenital folds |
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Term
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Definition
| developing glans clitoris, urethral groove |
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Term
| Mullerialian inhibiting substance |
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Definition
| Testosterone - external urethral office, body of penis, scrotum |
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Term
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Definition
| clitoris, urethral orifice, vagina |
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Term
| In both male and females, the onset of puberty is a brain event..... |
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Definition
| before it is a reproductive event |
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Term
| transition from non reproductive to reproductive state |
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Definition
| maturation of the hypothalamo-pitutary gondal axis |
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Term
| Anatomical nervous system changes in male and females due to gonadal steroids (especially testosterone) |
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Definition
| Total brain size, hypothalamus, spinal cord, corpus callosum, finger length, otoacustic emissions |
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Term
| Spinal nucleus of the bulbocavernosus |
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Definition
| In females, muscles involved with erection and urination - neurons degenerate, apoptosis of these muscle cells |
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Term
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Definition
| T induces apoptosis of bulbocavernosus muscles soon after birth - neurons die as a result of loss of trophic support |
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Term
| Amygdala and emotional memory |
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Definition
| amygdala activity cause women to be more likely to retain details of an emotional event and men more likely to remember the gist |
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Term
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Definition
| caused the density of dendritic spines in the hippocampus to increase in the male brain but decrease in female brain |
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Term
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Definition
| may leave the male hippocampus more vulnerable to harm |
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Term
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Definition
| what chromosomes you have |
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Term
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Definition
| what reproductive organs you have |
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Term
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Definition
| what you look like, secondary sex characteristics |
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Term
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Definition
| who you think you are, who you chose to mate with |
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Term
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Definition
| what society says you are |
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Term
| early androgen exposure promotes |
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Definition
behavioral defeminization as an adult
behavioral masculinization
involves estrogen receptors |
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Term
| Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) |
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Definition
XX fetus
adrenal hyperactivity results in excess testosterone production
fetal/neonatal brain is masculinized |
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Term
| Androgen insensitivy syndrome |
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Definition
XY fetus
testis make testosterone but cells of body cannot respond to it |
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Term
| Prenatal hormone exposure may play a role in sexual orientation |
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Definition
| CAH results in exposure of female fetus to high levels of androgens |
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Term
| What area is involved in control of male sexual behavior |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| MPA neurons are active during |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| MPA has outputs to the motor neurons of the |
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Definition
| spinal cord that control pelivic organs involved in copulaton |
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