Term
Atenolol (Tenormin).....
Metoprolol (Lopressor) -beta Blocker-
Action |
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Definition
| Competitively blocks stimulation of B-adrenergic receptor within vascular smooth muscle, decreases HR, decreases O2 consumption in myocardium, .....also decreases renin-aldosterone-angiotensin system at higher doses. |
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Term
Atenolol (Tenormin)
Metoprolol (Lopressor)
side effects |
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Definition
| *decreased pulse, decreased BP, bronchospasm, sexual dysfunction, insomnia, depression, nightmares, weakness, profound hypotension, bradycardia, CHF |
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Term
| Clonidine (Catapres) Action |
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Definition
Central acting Alpha 2-Adrenergic agonists
inhibits sympathetic vasomotor center in CNS, which reduces impulses in SNS; BP, pulse rate, cardiac output decreases, prevents pain signal transmission in CNS by Alpha-adrenergic receptor stimulation of the spinal cord Centrally acting andrenergics
1) inhibit renin release
2) prevent vasoconstriction |
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Term
Clonidine (Catapres)......
Central acting Alpha 2-Adrenergic agonists
-sideeffects- |
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Definition
| *bradycardia,.... *dry mouth, drowsiness,..... headaches |
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Term
Prazosin (Minipress) ..... Doxazosin (Cardura)
Action |
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Definition
| Alpha-Adrenergic blockers; ..... Blocks Alpha-mediated vasoconstriction of adrenergic receptors, inducing peripheral vasodilation Alpha-adrenergic blockers ..... 1) vasodilate ..... 2) decrease peripheral vascular resistance |
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Term
Prazosin (Minipress) ..... Doxazosin (Cardura)
Alpha-Adrenergic blockers......
-side effects- |
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Definition
| *profound hypotension, dizziness, faintness, lightheadedness, increased HR..............-->fainting occasionally occurs, change positions slowly, avoid OTC meds |
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Term
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Definition
(((Adrenergic neuron blockers at periphery)))
plant derived drug promotes sodium and water resorption, the antihypertensive effects may diminish with continued use, very long half life (4-5 hrs-12 days) |
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Term
reserpine.............
Adrenergic neuron blockers
.....-side effects- |
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Definition
| *dry mouth, *depression, *sedation |
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Term
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Definition
| (((peripheral vasodilator))) .......... vasodilates arteriolar smooth muscle by direct relaxation in BP w/ reflex increases in HR, stroke volume, cardiac output Direct acting vasodilators 1) relax smooth muscles of the blood vessels (mostly arteries and thus 2) cause vasodilation |
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Term
Hydralazine
peripheral vasodilator---side effects--- |
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Definition
| *tachycardia, palpitations, edema, headache, dizziness, GI bleeding, N/V, shock |
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Term
nitroprusside
---Action--- |
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Definition
(((vasodilator)))
directly relaxes arteriolar, venous smooth muscle, resulting in reduction in cardiac preload, afterload Direct acting vasodilators 1) relax smooth muscles of the blood vessels (mostly arteries) and thus 2) cause vasodilation |
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Term
nitroprusside
peripheral vasodilator
---side effects--- |
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Definition
| *reflex tachycardia, palpitations, restlessness -due to decrease blood flow- , agitation, nausea, confusion |
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Term
captopril (Capoten)- -
enalapril maleate (Vasotec)
---Action--- |
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Definition
| (((ACE inhibitors))) selectively suppresses rennin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, inhibits ACE; preventing conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II ACE inhibitors 1) inhibit the formation of angiotensin II 2) prevent vasoconstriction |
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Term
captopril (Capoten)- -
enalapril maleate (Vasotec)
---(ACE) inhibitors--- |
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Definition
| *hypotension, bronchospasm, angioedema, nocturia, nephritic syndrome, acute reversible renal failure |
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Term
losartan (Cozaar)
---action--- |
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Definition
| (((Angiotensin II Receptor blockers))) blocks the vasoconstriction and aldosterone secreting effects of angiotensin II; selectively blocks the binding of angiotensin II to the AT1 receptor found in tissue Angiotensin II receptor blockers 1) block angiotensin II receptor sites 2) prevent vasoconstriction |
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Term
losartan (Cozaar)
Angiotensin II Receptor blockers
---Side effects--- |
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Definition
| insomnia, headache, dizziness, muscle cramps, ((back or leg pain, cough)), nasal congestion, cerebral accident, MI, angioedema |
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Term
nifedipine (Procardia) &
diltiazem
---Action--- |
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Definition
| (((Calcium Channel Blockers))) inhibits calcium ion influx across cell membrane during cardiac depolarization; relaxes coronary vascular smooth muscle, dilates coronary arteries, increases myocardial oxygen delivery in patients with vasospastic angina, dilates peripheral arteries Calcium channel blockers 1) prevent movement of extracellular calcium into the cell 2) decrease myocardial contractility and depress the conduction system |
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Term
nifedipine (Procardia) &
diltiazem Calcium Channel Blockers
---side effects--- |
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Definition
| *bradycardia, flush, headache, dizziness, ankle edema, AV block, dysrhythmias, hepatotoxicity |
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Term
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Definition
(((Diuretics))):
thiazide diuretic, antihypertensive--->acts on distal tubule and ascending limb of loop of Henle by increasing excretion of water, sodium, chloride, potassium Thiazides 1) promote Na, Cl, and H2O excretion 2) decrease fluid volume |
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Term
Thiazides
...Diuretics...
---side effects--- |
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Definition
| *hypokalemia, hypercalcemia, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, N/V, hepatitis, urinary frequency, anemias |
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Term
furosemide (Lasix)
---action--- |
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Definition
(((loop diuretic)))
......inhibits reabsorption of sodium and chloride at proximal and distal tubule and in the loop of Henle Loop diuretics 1) inhibit Na and H2O reabsorption 2) decrease fluid volume |
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Term
furosemide (Lasix)
...Diuretics...
--side effects--- |
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Definition
| *hypokalemia, *orthostatic hypotension, *ototoxicity, hyponatremia, hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia, hypochloremia, circulatory collapse, hyperglycemia, nausea, polyuria, renal failure |
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