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Hypersensitivity
Hypersensitivity
55
Other
Professional
04/14/2013

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Term
What is dentin hypersensitivity?
Definition
pain arising from exposed dentin, typically in response to external stimuli which can't be explained in any other form of dental disease
Term
Is dentinal hypersensitivity chronic or episodic in nature?
Definition
episodic
Term
How common is denintal hypersensitivity?
Definition
1/7 adults has it
Term
How many perio patients have dentinal hypersensitivity?
Definition
72-98%
Term
How many patients with dentinal hypersensitivity get treatment?
Definition
1/4
Term
What are the most common teeth to have dentinal hypersensitivity with?
Definition
-canine
-first premolars
-incisors
-second premolars
-molars
Term
Is dentinal hypersensitivity more common on the left or right side?
Definition
left
Term
What can cause loss of cementum?
Definition
abrasion, erosion, dental caries, scaling, polishing
Term
Dentinal hypersensitivity BLANKS with age.
Definition
decreases
Term
Why does dentinal hypersensitivity decrease with age?
Definition
1.reduction in size of pulp chamber
2.increase in secondary dentin formation
3.decrease in vascularity and the number of pulpal nerve
Term
What are some types of pain stimuli?
Definition
-mechanical
-chemical
-thermal
Term
How much of the dentin is fluid? How big are the tubules?
Definition
-25% fluid
-2.5 microns at pulp, 0.8 microns at cementum side
Term
What is Brannstorm's Hydrodynamic?
Definition
pain stimuli that causes fluid in dentinal tubules to move thus triggering the nerve receptor
Term
What do patients with hypersensitivity exhibit and lack?
Definition
exhibit open dentinal tubules and lack a smear layer
Term
According to Brannstorm's Hydrodynamic what is the perception of pain modified by?
Definition
systemic mechanisms withing the individual and the patient's ability to produce natural pain killers like endorphins
Term
What are some things that can cause disconfort?
Definition
-perio debridement
-carious lesions
-cracked tooth
-recent restorations
-defective restorations
-endodontic lesions
Term
How is hyperocclusion determined?
Definition
by checking the occlusion with marking paper and feeling the tooth for fremitus
Term
What is the most effective therapy for hypersensitivity?
Definition
occlusion of dentinal tubules (precipitation ions inserted into dentinal tubules cauing crystal formation)
Term
What is another treatment for hypersensitivity?
Definition
calming nerve transmission (depolarization)
Term
Where does CeJ exposure usually occur?
Definition
at the cervical margin of the facials
Term
WHat does sinusitis cause?
Definition
nasal congestion and drainage and a sense of pressure in the sinus area
Term
What are some ways to occlude dentinal tubules?
Definition
-varnishes/liners
-fluorides
Term
What are oxalates?
Definition
precipating ions in to tubules causing intratubular crystal formation <-- used to treat hypersensitivity
Term
What is stannous fluoride?
Definition
-used for treatment if sensitivity
-occludes tubules with tin, also antibacterial
-gel applied to sensitive area for 1 min, let sit for 5
Term
How long do you have to do treatments with stannous fluoride to be effective?
Definition
2-4 weeks
Term
How does sodium fluoride help with sensitivity?
Definition
fluoride precipitates occlude dentin tubules
Term
How much has sodium fluoride been shown to reduce sensitivity?
Definition
20-68%
Term
How does oxylate work?
Definition
oxalate crystals penetrate deep down the tubules interacting with calcium ions to form calcium oxalate cyrstals
Term
How effective has oxylate been shown to be?
Definition
97.5% reduction in dentinal sensitivity
Term
How do you apply oxylate?
Definition
-etch the tooth surface for 15 seconds
-apply solution and rinse
-apply adhesive
-use gentle stream of air to evaporate solvent
Term
How does calcium phosphate work to fix sensitivity?
Definition
occludes tubules by calcium phosphate precipitate
Term
How quickly calcium phosphate work?
Definition
immediate relief in 84%
Term
What is the technique for applying calcium phosphate?
Definition
-clean and dry tooth
-apply with cotton pellet for 5-10 secs, repeat with second solution
-do not rinse or anything for 15 mins after the procedure
Term
How does glutaraldehyde/HEMA (hydroxy ethyl methacrylate) work?
Definition
-inhibits growth of bacteria
-precipitates plasma proteins to seal dentinal tubules to prevent fluid shifting
Term
How much has glutaraldehyde/HEMA (hydroxy ethyl methacrylate)been shown to reduce sensitivitiy?
Definition
40%
Term
How is glutaraldehyde/HEMA (hydroxy ethyl methacrylate) applied? What should it be kept away from? How long does it last?
Definition
-small brush in rubbing motion
-wait 30 secs and dry with stream of air
-MUST BE KEPT AWAY FROM SOFT TISSUES
-effect may last 6 months
Term
How does strontium chloride(10%) work?
Definition
blocks dentin tubules to reduce tactile sensitivity
Term
How effective is strontium chloride(10%)?
Definition
93.6% pts show improvement after 1 month, other studies show little benefit
Term
How is strontium chloride(10%) applied? How long does it last?
Definition
-isolate and clean tooth surface
-apply with brush applicator
-lasts for weeks
Term
What is septodent?
Definition
combined therapy of-
potassium nitrate + sodium fluoride + Hema
Term
What is centrix?
Definition
combination-
calcium oxylate + potassium nitrate
Term
What are some forms of surgical intervention used to treat hypersensitivity? (2)
Definition
-gingival grafting
-lazers
Term
What are some different types of gingival grafts?
Definition
-connective tissue grafts
-pedicle grafts
-gingival autografts and allografts
Term
Do lazer therapies work well? What does this form?
Definition
-work well
-form smear
Term
What is a home-care cause of sensitivity?
Definition
accumulation of plaque on exposed dentin is causing pain
Term
What is something patients can do at home to help with sensitivity?
Definition
use a sensitivity toothpaste, can apply small amount before bed after brushing
Term
What are some specific products that patients can use to help with sensitivity?
Definition
-fluoride rinse or gel
-MI paste-amorphous calcium phosphate
Term
What are 3 ADA approved dentifrice ingredients have help with sensitivity?
Definition
-10% strontium chloride
-5% potassium nitrate
-2% dibastic sodium nitrate
Term
How long may desensitizing toothpaste take to work?
Definition
2-4 weeks
Term
What are 2 types of desensitizing toothpastes?
Definition
-potassium nitrate(5%)
-strontium chloride(10%)
Term
How does potassium nitrate work?
Definition
-K+ ions penetrate the length of dentin tubule & block repolarizating of the nerve ending
Term
what are some actual brand the ADA has accepted as desensitizing toothpastes? (4)
Definition
-Crest Sensitivity protection fluoride
-Orajel Sensitive pain
-Colgate sensitive max strength
-protect sensitive
Term
What are some additional home therapies for sensitivity? (2)
Definition
-7.5% Novamin(release calcium phosphate ions to occlude tubules)
-Sensistat(Arginine bicarbonate/ca carb solution, seals tubules)
Term
Is one treatment usually effective again sensitivity?
Definition
no, it usually takes many and they build up
Term
Professional treatment is not effective without good BLANK.
Definition
Professional treatment is not effective without good home-care
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