- This type of hypersensitivity involves primarily T cells.

- it Arises 24-72 hours to a week following exposure

- symptoms resolve in a week to 10 days. 

- a type of delayed reaction to infectious agent, contact dermatitis, and graft rejection.

- the most common cause of Type IV reaction

- exposure to resins of poison oak, poison ivy

- cosmetics, elastic, drugs, chemicals involved in latex glove manufacuring 

- Comes in the form of itchy papules and fluid-filled blisters

-Type of latex glove reaction that involves a systemic allergic reaction

- known as a "true allergy" because you are allergic to the latex itself

- the most serious becuase it causes respiratory symptoms and it could lead to anaphalyctic shock

- Type of reaction to laxex that is localized, and T-cell mediated (delayed)

- it is usually a reaction to the chemicals that are used in the glove manufacturing. 

- type of reaction to latex that involves localized inflammation - it is not an immunological reaction

- it is an allergy to the chemical 

- Type of latex allergy that is often an allergy to the plant proteins

- Symptoms include rhinoconjunctivitis,  (runny nose, and itchy eyes) and hives. 

- symptoms may become more severe and lead to anaphylactic shock

- occurs within minutes and symptoms resolve within hours

- latex glove allergy that is most often to the chemicals that are used in the processing of the gloves

- there is evidence that a certain NRL protein may also be involved

- has a slower onset and requires weeks to resolve

One way you can control a Type I NRL protein allergy

Use synthetic gloves and encourage nonallergic staff to use powder-free or lightly powdered NL gloves.

Some allergies that are associated with latex allergies

Patients with which two things could be at risk of developing a latex allergy?

patients with spins bifida or multiple childhood surgeries are at risk

 urushiol

A person who has been infected with this will respond to a tuberculin injection

mycobacterium tubercuosis

In a person who responds to a tuberculin injection, the type of  reaction that they experience is:

Complement-assisted destruction of cells by antibodies (IgG and IgM) directed against surface antigens.

-                          Type II hypersensitivity

-                          type II hypersensitivity  

Blood group incompatibilities, pernicious anemia, and autoimmune diseases (hemolytic anemia, myasthenia gravis) are all examples of:

Type II hypersensitivity

Type A and B blood are _______________ over O

-   Dominant – if A and B are present, they will show up over O

codominant

Receptor without any added sugar

O antigen

   A antigen

Receptor that has added D-galactose

B antigen

Blood type that can be transfused with any type of blood because it doesn’t make any antibodies

 AB

T of F

the first pregnancy is not a problem if there is no previous exposure to the Rh antigen if the mother is Rh- and the father is Rh+

- Immune complex reactions

- reaction of soluble antigens with antibodies with deposition of the resulting complexes in tissues

- Hypersensitivity that requires sensitization

- depends on IgG, IgM, and IgA

- requires large doses of the antigen

- reactions are delayed

- localized dermal reaction

- acute response to a second injection of vaccine or drugs

- type III

- Systemic reaction

- caused by injections of animal serum, hormones, or drugs

- immune complexes enter the circulation and are carried throughout the body - then are deposited in blood vessels of the kidney, heart, skin, and joints

- type III reactions

- code for all cell surface molecules

- tissue typing used to determine compatibility

- need to be close in both people, identical twins are the best

- cytotoxic t cells of the host recognize foreign class I MHC antigens and reject them

____________ from the graft will attack the host when the host rejects it.

EX: bone marrow transplant

exchanges between genetically different individuals of the same species - most common type of graft

ex: allograft

tissue between individuals of different species

ex: from a pig to a human

T or F:

autoimmune reactions are necessary for normal immune function and are required for the survival of naive T and B cells.

True

- these are produced by immature B cells and IgM

- they bind to normal cellular components

-

- this isnt very common

- a destructive response that is a failure in immune regulation

a state of immunological unresponsiveness to a specific antigen

-induced by exposure of lymphocytes to the antigen

T or F:

imunologic tolerance can happen from exposure later in life but its less common than being exposued during development

- type of autoimmune disease where the antigen is localized to a given organ

- the antigen is the target for the immunological attack

- may overlap with other organ-specific Antibodies and diseases

- type of autoimmune disease that is widespread throughout the body

- when complexes deposit systemically particularly in the kidneys, joints, and skin

- may overlap with other non-organ specific antibodies and diseases

systemic

genetics

environmental factors

hormonal influences

T or F

just because you have the genes in your family for an autoimmune disease automatically means you will get one

infectious agents - microorganisms

drugs

metals

and other things like iodine

having an infection or inflammation

neoantigens (infections/drugs)

t or b cell activation

the breakdown of peripheral tolerance - you should have already been tolerant to something, but then one of these factors can cause your tolerance to breakdown

a cross reaction of foreign and self-epitopes with the same antigen receptors

- certain microorganisms share epitopes with self-antigens

- immune responses against the microbe may then cross-react with the self-antigen

- this may produce tissue damage

- 50-67% of patients with this present with oral lesions

- the autoantigen is part of a desmosome

- its autoantigen of this is part of a hemidesmosome

- presents with oral lesions and affects antigens with the epithelium

- when circulating immune complexes are deposited in tissues

- clinical manifestations are systemic

- a type III hypersensitivity reaction that has deposition in joints, skin, and kidneys

- makes antibodies to DNA and ribonucleoproteins

- concordance of 60% in identical twins

- DR3/DR4

- 20x's more common in females (estrogen connection)

- there is a risk in patients with low levels of debris clearing proteins

- type of hypersensitivity reaction that involves Th1 Cells that initiate an inflammitory reasponses which are mediated by macrophages and cytotoxic T cells

- EX: R arthritis, MS, IDDM, celiac disease

- a poststreptococcal disease that causes inflammatory changes in the heart (type IV)

- streptococcal M protein cross-reacts with cardiac myosin

- other antigens may also cross-react

- type of poststreptococcal disease that involves an immune complex disease (type III)

- Igs precipitate in the kidney

- streptococcal lipoprotein cross-reacts with kidney tissue

If someone has clinical symptoms, and the presence of antibodies or T cells directed against human antigens they could be diagnosed with:

Hypersensitivity reactions may be triggered by:

- certain infectious agents

- environmental substances

- self (host) antigens

- all of the above

- hemolytic disease of the newborn occurs in babies born to Rh-negative mothers and is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT:

- antibody-mediated attack against the baby's red blood cells

- maternal antibodies stimulated by antigens on paternal and the baby's erythrocytes, recognized as foreign by the mother

- a father whose erythrocytes bear the Rh+ phenotype

- a mother whose erythrocytes bear the Rh+ phenotype

A patient recieves a kidney transplant from a person killed in an automobile accident. This graft is referred to as a/an:

- allograft

- autograft

- isograft

- xenograft

The majority of skin reactions seen in dentists ad dental hygenists associated with latex glove use are the result of:

- type I latex allergy

- allergic contact dermatitis

- irratant contact dermatitis

- none of the above