Term
|
Definition
| Outgassing (coming out of center of Earth) and icy comets. 4.4 billion years ago. |
|
|
Term
| Formations of Earth's Oceans |
|
Definition
| 3.8 billion years ago Earth cooled down below 100 C to create liquid water |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| We're in steady-state equilibrium |
|
|
Term
| Water is lost and gained by... |
|
Definition
| Lost by dissociation (lost into space) and forming other compounds. Gained by pristine water (inside the Earth) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sea levels changing. Due to glaciers freezing and melting and water expanding as it heats. Also changes with mvmt of Earth's crust and amount of sediment. |
|
|
Term
| Distribution of Water (Percent) |
|
Definition
Ocean- 97%
Freshwater- 2.7% (groundwater, rivers, lakes, atmosphere)
Drinkable Water (groundwater and surface water)- .3% |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When we can no longer increase the amount of water we take from rivers and lakes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When we over pump non renewable groundwater |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When the use of additional water causes more ecological harm than it provides economic benefit |
|
|
Term
| Describe the Bonds and Mak-Up of Water Molecule |
|
Definition
| H and O have a covalent bond which is very strong. H is the positive side, O is the negative side. H2O molecules chain together with hydrogen bonds, which are weaker. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ice- molecules form solid 3D structure. Water- molecules just chain together loosely. Gas- molecules are separated |
|
|
Term
| Energy to change phase... |
|
Definition
| 1 deg C/gram/cal. 80 cal/g to melt ice and 540 cal/g to boil water. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Direct heat given to the molecules to make them move around and change phase. .5 cal/g to melt ice, 1 cal/g to heat water, and .5 cal/g to evaporate. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In it's liquid state at 4 C. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Breaks surface tension (ex: oil or soap) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Adhesive and attracted to other surfaces. Hydrogen bonds can form upon themselves, building upwards and "defying gravity" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| It's polarity (one negative, one positive side) enables it to bond with almost anything. Covalent bond is strong so it can pull most things apart. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Reservoirs are places where water stays for a while. Pathways are ways water moves between reservoirs (evapotranspiration, precipitation, infiltration, runoff) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Oceans supply 86% of evaporation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Water evaporation off of plant leaf stomata into atmosphere |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Horizontal transportation of liquid in atmosphere. Ocean to land is majority. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 100% saturation and water condenses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 78% on oceans, rest onto land |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Falling directly onto Earth with no interference |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Plant canopies pull a pick 6 on the rain, evaporates before it can get to soil |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Travels down the stem and makes it to the ground |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Passes through the canopy and makes it to the ground |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Initial movement of water to subsurface (how fast water is able to do this). Based on substance's permeability. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When soil has good permeability, when water moves to groundwater level. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When rainfall is greater than the infiltration rate or the soil is completely saturated. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Average time water spends in a storage or reservoir |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Utilized by plants and recharged by infiltration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A thin molecule of water sticking to a soil particle. Plants cannot use this. This is the wilting point |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This is the perfect zone. Plants use this. Held in soil by capillarity. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Maximum available water in soil, turns into runoff. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| How much a certain type of soil can hold |
|
|
Term
| Potential Evapotranspiration (POTET) |
|
Definition
| How much would evaporate if we had unlimited water supply |
|
|
Term
| Stored Soil Moisture Utilization |
|
Definition
| Amount of water plants use when ACTET is above POTET |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When POTET is above ACTET |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When PRECIP is higher than POTET and ACTET |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When water is at maximum field capacity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Dry conditions, higher temps, no PRECIP |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Not enough water to grow certain crops |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Below normal surface and groundwater supplies; reservoirs are low |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inadequate supply for residents, famine, wild fires, water restrictions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Palmer Drought Severity Index. Assimilates lots of date to one number |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| National Fire Policy 1910 |
|
Definition
| 100% suppression. Not a very good policy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Type of fire that tends to burn within area |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Frequency of Fires in Area |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| survival mechanisms (sequoia's thick bark) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fire helps trees release seeds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Shrub. Waxy part of plant burns (crown) but roots remain and regrow |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Like sequoia's bark is thick, so surface fires don't bother them. Instead they wipe out undergrowth, fertilize soil and clear up room. 5-25 years |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Stand Replacing Fire- causes serotenous cones to open up and drop seeds, planting new trees. 100-500 years. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Soil is resistant to water from waxiness of tress that melted onto surface |
|
|
