Term
| Define a watershed (catchment drainage basin). |
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Definition
| The area of land which drains into a particular stream. |
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Term
| How is precipitation measured? |
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Definition
| rain gauges and remote sensing |
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Term
| How does interception affect the hydrologic cycle? |
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Definition
| Affects the amount of time for water to reach streams and affects water chemistry. |
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Term
| List 6 things that affect the amount of evaportation. |
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Definition
| Amount of water available, humidity, surface/air temp, wind speed, solar radiation, and transpiration. |
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Term
| What is potential evapotranspiration? |
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Definition
| The amount of water that would evaporate and transpire under optimal moisture conditions. |
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Term
| How is evaporation measured? |
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Definition
| Anmometers, evaporation pans, and lysimeters |
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Term
| How is the efficiency of a catchment measured? |
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Definition
| By comparing stream discharge with precipitation input. |
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Term
| How is river discharge measured? |
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Definition
| Acoustic gauging, velocity-area method, flow meter, or rating curve |
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Term
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Definition
| Result of precipitation event that increases streamflow. |
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Term
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Definition
| Process by which water seeps downward into the soil or other surface material |
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Term
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Definition
| Process by which water moves downward through the soil or porous rock in the subsurface environment |
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Term
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Definition
| The lateral movement of water through the upper soil horizons. |
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Term
| How is soil water measured? |
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Definition
| Gravimetric techniques, soil moisture probes, or remote sensing. |
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Term
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Definition
| Water in the saturated zone below the water table. |
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Term
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Definition
| Normal level of a stream between events of greater discharge |
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Term
| Desrcibe infiltration-excess overland flow. |
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Definition
| Surface storage as a result of when surface water supply is greater than infiltration rate |
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Term
| Describe saturation-excess overland flow. |
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Definition
| When water infiltrates the soil and fills all available pores (saturated) |
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Term
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Definition
| Water flows downslope under surface, hits a saturated area, and must go up and flow over land. |
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Term
| What are the 4 types of through flow? |
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Definition
| Matrix Flow (through fine pores), Macropore Flow (through large pores caused by plants, roots, soil fauna, and soil cracks), Pipeflow (large cavities/pipes), and Groundwater flow (below water table, saturated) |
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