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| Both advocated and believed in educating children before age of six (300 bc) |
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Education should start at birth and best way to teach = outdoors nature/country
Wrote "Emile"
(1700) |
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In 1837 created Kindergarten in Germany. Occupations (skills were are teaching) and gifts (balls, crayons) are the focus.
*stressed creativity |
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| Opened first kindergarten in the U.S. In 1856 |
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Created Kindergarten curriculum
(1900) |
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Logical thinker-prepare children to become good citizens in a democratic society. (treat peopleas equals)
(1900) |
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(italy) 1 wanted to teach cleanliness 2 manners 3 independence
Designed program still used in montessori schools, children use materials for learning thru their senses
(1907) |
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| Mcmillan sisters margaret and rachel |
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| Open one of first nursery school in US |
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| Open one of first nursery schools in US |
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All about sexual energy-said it is biologically developed
Five stages in theory
(1920-1930) |
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About social development eight stages, basic trust vs mistrust
(1930) |
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Psychologist in 1960s
About intellectual development |
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| Process that occurs when a child handles, sees, or otherwise experiences something |
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| Occurs when a schema is modified as a result of experience |
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Studied conditioning> positive reinforcement=more of same result
(1970s and 80s) |
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By fed gov't, women were needed in the factories-so $ was given to factories for top line day care centers in factories with highly qualified teachers. After the was the money was removed.
(1940) |
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President Johnson, war on poverty -children from low income fam weren't prepared for as middle and high class. Child 2-5 go to nursery school free
(1965) |
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| Four features of head start |
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| 1 parental involvement 2 provided health and medical screening 3education 4 nutrition |
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"no child left behind act" made schools accountable esp grades 3-8
(2001) |
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| Developmentally appropriate practices |
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| • Age appropriate • Individually app (every child is unique) • Culturally & linguistically app (inclusiveness) |
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| • Enhances all developmental domains • |
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| play is important because: |
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- play enhances all developmental domains -physical, social, cognitive, and emotional
- play inspires imagination, creativity, exploration, self-confidence, more play
- play enhances problem solving, new skills, self-esteem, and sense of security
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a behavior that is self-motivated, freely chosen, process oriented, and enjoyable--is a natrual activity for children |
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| name four basic categories of Play Theories |
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Definition
- Classical theory
- Psychoanalytical theory
- Cognitive development theory
- Ecological theory
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(physical) -concerned with the causes and consequences of play
-ex: "surplus energy" letting off steam after a long day in school
-ex: "recreation theory" people who are depleted of energy and need to restore energy thru play |
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(emotional) --concerned with how children use play to meet their needs or meet their desire to be grown up
-relieves anxiety and can change (pretend) real life situations |
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| Cognitive development theory |
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Definition
(most talked about) Stages of play
by Mildred Parten 6stages of play
and
Piaget 3developmental stages of dramatic play |
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Mildred Parten
Six stages of play are: |
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Definition
- unoccupied
- onlooker
- solitary
- parallel
- associative
- cooperative
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unoccupied
(6 stages of play Mildred Parten) |
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| the very young infant, something catches their eye, not really focused |
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onlooker
(6 stages of play, Mildred Parten) |
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| young baby watches activity around them, children love to watch other children |
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solitary
(6 stages of play, Mildred Parten) |
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| independent play; infants most often play by themselves. Their play is basically exploratory in nature *until about nine months of age, infants explore single objects |
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parallel
(6 stages of play, Mildred Parten) |
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| two yr old children's typical play style. Children play beside each other but not with each other. There is little interaction among the children. Child's focus is more on using play materials on his/her own. (ex. kids both playing with blocks but on their own) |
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associative
(6 stages of play, Mildred Parten) |
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Definition
| preschoolers enjoy this play (some groups, but in and out, still not playing together) |
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cooperative
(6 stages of play, Mildred Parten) |
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| preschoolers and other children enjoy this play (organiazed and with roles) |
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Piaget
3 Developmental Stages of Dramatic Play are: |
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Definition
- practice play ex:peek-a-boo (feeling, exploring)
- symbolic play ex: sticks (start at 3yrs)
- games with rules ex: Duck,duck, goose or musical chairs (7yrs old)
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| Stages of material use are: |
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Definition
- manipulative stage
- functional stage
- imaginative stage
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| child handles items ex:screws and unscrews a cap or puts a lid on and off a pot (toddler) |
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| child uses item as intended ex:doll bottle used to pretend to feed the doll (2-3 yrs old) |
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| child uses a substitute item to represent an item ex:yardstick used as a broom to sweep the floor or a paper bag used as a hat (4+yrs old) |
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| involves two or more children acting out situations in a variety of roles. By five yrs old, children get a clearer understanding of reality |
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