Term
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Definition
| humans unable to make double bonds before C9, makes certain fatty acids essential |
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Term
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Definition
| first double bond 3rd C from methyl end: linolenic, eicosapentanoic (EPA), docosahexanoic (DHA) |
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Term
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Definition
| first double bond 6th C from methyl end: linoleic, arachidonic |
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Term
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Definition
| first double bond 9th C from methyl end, not essential, oleic |
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Term
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Definition
| omega-3: linolenic->EPA->DHA, omega-6: linoleic->arachidonic, shorter chain EFA can be lengthened 2 C's at a time, desaturated, may not be efficient in humans, |
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Term
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Definition
| structural role in cell membrane, neural development, fetal development, high conc in brain synapses & retina |
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Term
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Definition
| cell signaling and genetic control: immune system, cardiovascular system, metabolism |
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Term
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Definition
| impaired neural/brain development, memory disturbances, loss of visual acuity, reproductive disturbances, immune/cardiovascular/metabolism? |
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Term
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Definition
| cell growth and maintenance, metabolized to form immune cells, derived from cell membrane phospholipids |
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Term
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Definition
| hormone-like substances (prostaglandins, leukotrienes, thromboxanes), produced from phospholipids, mediate wide-range of physiological functions: trigger cytokine release, modulate inflammation |
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Term
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Definition
| chemical messengers that regulate cellular activity, signal cell division & differentiation, increase cell # in inflammation, high levels cytokines are destructive |
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Term
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Definition
| EPA and arachidonic acid can be used interchangeably, EPA and AA produce difering physiological responses |
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Term
| Rheumatiod artritis potential |
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Definition
| could reduce pain/stiffness, inflammatory response, & NSAID use |
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Term
| surgical complications potential |
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Definition
| anti-inflammatory, reduce sepsis and hospital stay |
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Term
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Definition
| normal response to injury: increased blood flow & capillary permeability, immune cells concentrate at site of infection, undesirable response when chronic/in excess: GI/CV disiease, post-surgery, rheumatoid arthritis |
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Term
| CV potential beneftis omega-3 |
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Definition
| anti-inflammatory, anti-arrhythmic, anti-thrombotic, reduce restenosis, plaque formation, & blood triacylglycerol |
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Term
| Metabolic potential omega-3 beneits |
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Definition
| increase glucose uptake, improves lipid profile, favors fatty acid oxidation, aids in wt loss |
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Term
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Definition
| PUFA favors fatty acid oxidation over storage, reduced adipose stores, reduced fatty liver, decrease plasma TGs, increases insulin sensitivity |
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Term
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Definition
| slightly longer pregnancy, reduced risk for preterm, preeclampsia, disease for offspring later in life |
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Term
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Definition
| AHA 1.3-2.7 g/d, increase fish intake, supplements may be required, reduce omega-6:3 ratio |
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Term
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Definition
| supplemental fish oil maybe safer due to purification process, fatty fish may have toxic or carcinogenic substances present |
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