Term
|
Definition
| BMI = kg/m2, overwt- 25-29.9 BMI, obese- >30 BMI |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Goals: reduce # of obese to less than 15%, reduce # of children & adolescents overwt/obese to less than 5%, not close at all |
|
|
Term
| Contributing obesity factor #1 |
|
Definition
| energy imbalance, portion distortion, excessive caloric intake |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| too much sedentary time, no physical ed classes, certain environments do not promote exercise |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| obesity does have strong genetic determinants, but pop genetics have not changed dramatically in the last few deacdes |
|
|
Term
| obesity related disease categories |
|
Definition
| disabilities that arise from the actual increase of fat mass, diseases that arise from metabolic changes associated with excess fat |
|
|
Term
| diseases related to metabolic changes |
|
Definition
| DM type 2, gall bladder dz, CVD, cancer, nonalcoholic fatty liver dz |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| >90% diabetics overwt/obese |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hyperglycemia caused by obesity related insulin resistance & b-cell loss, treated w/ anti-hyperglycemic agents and high dose insulin if necessary |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hyperglycemia, b-cell loss, & insulin resistance secondary to metabolic trauma caused by lipotoxicity, treated by eliminating lipid overload |
|
|
Term
| gastric banding conclusions |
|
Definition
| intensive wt loss may be better 1st option than lifestyle changes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| plasma FFA elevated in obese individuals & Type 2 DM, insulin resistance at adipocytes = increased lipolysis = increased FFAs |
|
|
Term
| insulin resistance in skeletal muscle |
|
Definition
| elevated FFAs inhibit insulin stimulated glucose uptake, effect is at level of glucose transport |
|
|
Term
| insulin resistance in liver |
|
Definition
| endogenous glucose production is increased in type 2 DM, type 2 patients have 60% increase in gluconeogenesis |
|
|
Term
| FFA and b-cell destruction |
|
Definition
| ectopic lipids can cause destruction of b-cells, when FFAs get to certain level b-cells are incapable of keeping up with glucose levels |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pro inflammatory cytokine, inhibits tyrosine kinase activity of the insulin receptors in adipocytes, obesity associated w/ over expression of TNF-a |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| controls production of c-reactive protein, chronic increased IL-6 leads to inflammatory that could cause insluin resistance, IL-6 production increased in obesity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| highly expressed in adipose tissue, increases insulin sensitivity & decreases gluconeogenesis, under expressed in obese and type 2 patients |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| controls food intake and energy expenditure, obesity has high leptin levels suggesting leptin resistance |
|
|
Term
| clincal implication of lipocentric concept |
|
Definition
| intensive insulin therapy contraindicated, overwt pts should restrict cals to prevent dz, eliminate hyperglycemia w/o exacerbating lipid overload |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| support for lipocentric concept, results suggest that overpowering insulin resistance may be harmful, may force lipogenesis & promote ectopic deposition |
|
|
