Term
|
Definition
| found in body in both Cu+1 (cuprous) and Cu+2 (cupric) |
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Term
|
Definition
| seafood, liver, legumes, nuts and seeds best sources |
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Term
|
Definition
| exact mechanism not defined yet, 25-50% absorbed, absorbed in jejunum and stomach |
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Term
|
Definition
| histidine, methionine, cysteine, glutathione, citrate |
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Term
|
Definition
| phytate, Zn, Fe, Mb, P/Ca, vitamin c |
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|
Term
| Cu transport: portal circualtion |
|
Definition
| albumin, trancuprien, amino acids |
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Term
|
Definition
| Ceruloplasmin (Cp) 6 Cu to 1 Cp, 90-95% of plasma Cu, |
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Term
|
Definition
| 75-150 mg in body, liver ~15%, muscle ~40% |
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Term
|
Definition
| ~97% of losses, lost through sloughed cells, unabsorbed Cu, bile |
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Term
|
Definition
| metalloenzymes: ceruloplasmin, Cu-Zn superoxide dismutases, cytochrome C oxidase, lysyl oxidase, dopamine monooygenase, tyrosine oxidase, amine oxidase, peptidylglycine a-amidating monooxygenase |
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Term
|
Definition
| mediates transport of Fe, oxidizes Fe to Fe3+ so it can bind to transferrin, |
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Term
| Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase |
|
Definition
| anitoxidant, prevents elevated superoxide anion which results in free radicals |
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Term
|
Definition
| terminal electron transport enzyme, ATP generation |
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Term
|
Definition
| oxidative deamination of lysyl residues, initiates intra and interchain cross links, stabilizes connective tissue against proteolytic degradation |
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Term
|
Definition
| changes dopamine into norepinepherine |
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Term
|
Definition
| oxidizes tyrosine into melanin |
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Term
|
Definition
| severe deficiency symptoms low plasma and urine conc., Cp sensitive to acute inflammation, CuZn SOD considered best functional indicator |
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|
Term
| populations at risk of Cu deficiency |
|
Definition
| preterm infants, infants recovering from malnutrition, severe burn victims |
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|
Term
| Cu deficiency characteristics |
|
Definition
| anemia(refractory to Fe supplements), neutropenia, hypopigmentation, anatomical & functional abnormalities of skeleton, cardiovascular, immune system dysfunction, neurological |
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|
Term
| Menkes' disease (Cu deficiency) |
|
Definition
| X-linked mutation in atp7a gene, transport out of intestine and extrahepatic tissues is impaired |
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Term
| Menkes' disease physical characteristics |
|
Definition
| stubby white hair, slow growth, degeneration of brain tissue, hypothermia, seizures, defective arterial walls, depigmentation of hair & skin, death at young age |
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Term
| Wilson's disease (Cu overload) |
|
Definition
| autosomal recessive mutation of Atp7b gene, Cu overload in tissues requiring transporter (liver & kidney), |
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Term
| Wilson's disease symptoms |
|
Definition
| toxic accumulation of unbound Cu leads to hemolytic anemia & organ damage (liver, kidney, brain, cornea) |
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Term
| Wilson's disease treatment |
|
Definition
| Pencillamine (chelation therapy), Zinc treatment (decreases Cu absorption) |
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Term
|
Definition
| adults-900 mcg/d, pregnant-1000 mcg/d, lactation-1300 mcg/d, UL-10 mg/d |
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