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HUN1201 - Ch. 3, 4, 5
N/A
47
Nutrition
Undergraduate 1
04/30/2013

Additional Nutrition Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Cephalic phase
Definition
Earliest phase in digestion. Brain thinks about and prepares digestive organs for food.
Term

Five distinct tastes

 

Definition
  1. Bitter
  2. Sweet
  3. Salty
  4. Sour
  5. Umami
Term
What is umami?
Definition
Savory taste due to glutamic acid
Term
Enzymes
Definition
small chemicals that speed up body processes but remain unchanged.
Term
Peristalsis
Definition
Waves of squeezing/pushing contractions that move food, chyme and feces through the GI tract
Term
Parts of small intestine
Definition

Duodenum

Jejunum

Ileum

Term
Gallbladder
Definition
stores bile
Term
Pancreas
Definition
manufactures, holds and secretes digestive enzymes in their inactive foms
Term
What would happen if digestive enzymes were activated in the pancreas?
Definition
The enzymes would digest the pancreas
Term
Liver
Definition
produces bile
Term
Simple carbs are made up of
Definition

4 monosaccharides

3 disaccharides

 

Term
Monosaccharides
Definition
have 1 sugar molecule
Term
Disaccharides
Definition
have 2 joined sugar molecules
Term
What are the 3 most common monosaccharides?
Definition
  1. Glucose
  2. Fructose
  3. Galactose
Term
Alpha bond
Definition
Chemical bond easily digested by enzymes in the intestine
Term
Beta bond
Definition
Chemical bonds that cannot be easily digested
Term
Complex carbs
Definition
Nutrient compound consisting of long chains of glucose molecules
Term
Galactose + Glucose =
Definition
Lactose
Term
Glucose + Glucose =
Definition
Maltose
Term
Glucose + Fructose =
Definition
Sucrose
Term
Maltase
Definition
Digestive enzyme that breaks maltose into glucose
Term
Sucrase
Definition
Digestive enzyme that breaks sucrose into glucose and fructose
Term
Lactase
Definition
A digestive enzyme that breaks lactose into glucose and galactose
Term
Oligosaccharide
Definition
Complex carbs that contain 3-10 monosaccharides
Term
Starch
Definition
A polysaccharide stored in plants
Term
Glucose
Definition
Most abundant sugar molecule in our diet; good energy source
Term
Fructose
Definition
Sweetest natural sugar, found in fruit and high fructose corn syrup
Term
Galactose
Definition
Does not occur alone in foods; binds with glucose to form lactose
Term
3 Types of Lipids found in our bodies
Definition
  1. Triglycerides
  2. Phospholipids
  3. Sterols
Term
Linoleic acids
Definition

Omega-6 fatty acids

 

Found in vegetable and nut oils

Term
Alpha-linoleic acids
Definition

Omega-3 Fatty acids

 

Found in shrimp, dark leafy vegetables

Term
Order of organs in digestive tract
Definition
  1. Mouth
  2. Esophagus
  3. Stomach
  4. Small intestine
  5. Large intestine 
Term
Major function of large intestine
Definition
Absorbs water, short-chain fatty acids and electrolytes from digestive mass
Term
Polysaccharides
Definition
contain hundreds to thousands of glucose molecules
Term
Does any carb digestion occur in the stomach?
Definition
No
Term
Glycogen
Definition
Hard to digest, most of it pases through as fiber
Term
Where does carb digestion occur?
Definition
In the small intestine
Term
Where are all monosaccharides absorbed into?
Definition
The mucosal cells lining the small intestine
Term
What happens to excess carbs in the body?
Definition

Stored as glycogen in the liver and saved for future energy needs

 

Once capacity is reached, excess glucose is stored as fat in adipose tissue

Term
Where does fat digestion mostly occur?
Definition
Small intestine
Term
What happens to monosaccharides in the small intestine?
Definition
They are absorbed by the small intestine and enter the blood stream
Term
What enzymes break down disaccharides into monosaccharides?
Definition
Maltase, sucrase and lactase
Term
What happens to monosaccharides after they enter the bloodstream?
Definition
They are converted into glucose
Term
What stimulates the secretion of bicarbonate?
Definition
The hormone secretin
Term
Which digestion hormones can be found in the small intestine?
Definition

Secretin

CCK
GIP 

Term
What does the hormone CCK do?
Definition
Stimulates the secretion of pancreatic digestive hormones
Term

What does the hormone GIP do?

 

Definition
Inhibits gastric acid secretion
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