Term
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Definition
-Erythrocytes
-Leukocytes
-Platelets
-Plasma
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Term
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Definition
| transport and metabolism of oxygen in the blood through hemoglobin. |
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Term
| Enzymatic functions of zinc |
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Definition
| needed to activate enzymes that metabolize alcohol, digest food, help form bone, provide energy and synthesize heme structure of hemoglobin |
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Term
| Structural functions of zinc |
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Definition
| helps maintain the structural integrity and shape of proteins, involved in the maintenance of enzymes involved in the development and activation of certain immune cells |
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Term
| Regulatory functions of zinc |
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Definition
| regulator of gene expressions, turns genes "on" and "off", cell signaling |
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Term
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Definition
| Absorbed from the lumen of the intestine and moves into the enterocyte |
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Term
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Definition
| protein that transports oxygen to 2/3 of the body |
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Term
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Definition
| protein transports and stores oxygen within the muscles |
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Term
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Definition
ferritin and hemosiderin
in liver, bone marrow and spleen
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Term
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Definition
| red blood cells that transport oxygen |
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Term
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Definition
| white blood cells that are key to immune system |
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Term
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Definition
| cell fragments that assist in forming blood clots to stop bleeding |
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Term
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Definition
| fluid portion of blood, maintains adequate blood volume |
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Term
| What mades zinc absorption efficiency decrease? |
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Definition
| When zinc amounts increase |
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Term
| Body maintains zinc levels by binding zinc to... |
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Definition
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Term
| True or false: high non-heme iron intakes inhibit zinc absorption |
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Definition
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Term
| True or false: Phytates and grains inhibit sinc absorption |
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Definition
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Term
| Zinc transportation process (4 steps) |
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Definition
- Absorbed from intestine lumen and moves into enterocyte
- Crosses enterocyte membrane by active transport
- Picked up by albumin and transported to liver
- Either released back into blood or becomes bound to transport proteins
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Term
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Definition
| component of ceruloplasmin, a protein critical for transport |
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Term
| When is copper absorption most effective? |
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Definition
| When copper intake is low |
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Term
| Copper transport (3 steps) |
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Definition
- Transported across enterocytes by carrier-mediated transport and simple diffusion
- Bound to albumin then transported to liver
- Majority of copper is then incorporated into ceruloplasmin
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Term
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Definition
| Critical to blood coagulation |
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Term
| Vitamin K absorption relies on... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| critical for DNA synthesis, cell differentiation and amino acid metabolism |
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Term
| Without enough folate, B6 and B12, _____ builds up in the body |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| necessary for proper formation of red blood cells |
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Term
| Vitamin B12 is synthesized almost entirely out of _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| Non-specific immune function |
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Definition
| General body defense mechanisms that defend against micro-organisms and allergens |
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Term
| Specific immune functions |
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Definition
| Requires adaptation of white blood cells that can recognize antigens |
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Term
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Definition
| Parts of molecules that are recognized by immune cells and activate an immune reponse |
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Term
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Definition
white blood cells
can become antibody producing plasma cells or memory cells |
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Term
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Definition
| Produce millions of antibodies during infection |
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Term
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Definition
| Activated T cells that kill infected body cells |
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Term
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Definition
| Activated T cells that secrete chemicals needed to activate other immune cells |
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Term
| How is iron able to bind to oxygen so easily? |
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Definition
| By transferring electrons to and from other atoms whilst moving between different oxidation states |
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Term
| Iron absorption rates increase when |
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Definition
| there is less iron in the body |
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