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| The creation of social and political system that provide for and support ethnic group diffrences |
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| Qualities that make objects, actions, or language more beatiful or pleasurable, according to culturally relative and variable standars |
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| A type of communal cult centered around rituals performed to worship or please a kin group's ancestors |
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| Belief in spritual beings |
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| Any human action that modifies the utilitarian nature of something for the primary purpose of enhancing its aesthetic qualities; or actions, objects, or words that are valued largely for their aesthetic pleasure or symbolic communication |
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| Multinationality countries created by external powers; usually applied to former colonies |
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| The merging of the members of one ethnic group into another, with the consequent abandonment of the former group's identity |
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| The recongnized right of an individual to command another to act in a particular way; legitimate power |
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| Political leaders who do not occupy formal offices and whose leadership is based on influence, not authority |
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| Artificial artistic enhancement or beautification of the human body by painting, tattooing, sacrification, or other means. |
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| A form of complex society in which many people live in cities |
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| System of stratification in which membership in a startum can theoretically be altered and intermarriage between strata is allowed |
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| System in which authority for setting disputes and punishing crimes is formally vested in a single individual or group |
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| Court system in which the judges attempt to reach compromise solutions, based on the cultural norms and values of the parties involved, that will restore the social cohesion of the community |
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| Court system that use codified laws, with formally prescribed rights, duties and sanctions |
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| Cultural construction of gender |
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| The idea that the characteristics a people attribute to males and females are culturally, not biologically determined |
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| Form of society in which there is little inequality in access to culturally valued rewards |
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| The elimination or removal of an unwanted ethnic group of groups from a country or a particular geographical region; usually involves genocide and/or relocation of the population |
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| A named social group based on perceptions of shared ancestry, cultural traditions, and common history that culturally distinguish that group from other groups. |
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| The attempt to create a single ethnic groip in a particular geographical region |
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| The creation of a new ethnic group |
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| The social absorption of one ethnic group by another ethnic group through the use of force |
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| custom by which a person of one sex is allowed to adopt the roles and behavior of the opposite sex, with little or no stigma or punishment |
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| The rights and duties individuals have because of their perceived identities as males, females, or another gender category |
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| The deliberate attempts ro eliminiate the members of an ethnic category or cultural tradition |
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| occurs when an ethnic group is part of a larger collection of ethnic groups, hich together constitute a higer level of ethnic identity |
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| Cout system in which judical authorities meet, frequenctly informally, in private to discuss issue and determine solutions to be imposed. Evidence is not formally collected, and the parties involved in these cases are not formally consulted |
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| Cults based on personal relationship between specific individual and specific supernatural powers |
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| Degree to which individuals, groups, and categories differ in their access to rewards. |
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| The ability to convince people they should act as you suggest |
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| The notion that religious beliefs provide explanations for puzzling things and events |
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| A kind of social control characterized by the presence of authority, intention of universal application, obligation, and sanction |
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| Multiple gender indentities |
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| Definitions of sexual identities beyond the female and male duality, including third and genders such as man-woman or woman-man |
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| Stories that recount the deeds of supernatural powers and cultural heroes in the past |
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| The collective history of an ethnic group that defines which subgroups are part of it and its relationship to other ethnic groups |
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| The voluntary social absorption of one ethnic group by another ethnic group |
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| Forms of art such as music, percussion, song, dance, and theater/drama that involve sound and/or stylized body movements |
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| A kind of religious specialist, often full-time, who officiates at rituals |
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| The notion that the emotional or affective satisfactions people gain from religion are primary |
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| Society that has a limited number of high-ranking social positions that grant authority; groups are ranked relative to one another, with the highest rank bringing the highest rewards in prestige, power, and sometimes wealth |
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| The forced removal of the members of a particualr ethnic group from one geographcial region to another |
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| A model used in legal reasoning that basically asks how a reasonable individual should have acted under these circumstances |
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| The enforced separation of ethinic groups, in which the dominant ethnic group places legal restrictions on the actions of the members of the other group |
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| Informal legal system in societies without centralized political system, in which authorities who settle disputes are defined by the circumstances of the case |
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| Physical diffrences based on genetic diffrences between females and males |
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| THe kinds of productive activities that are assinged to womean vesus men in a culture |
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| Part time religious specialist who uses his special relationship to supernatural powers for curing members of his group and harming members of other groups |
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| Cults in which certain individuals have relationship with supernatural powers that ordinary people lack |
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| Autonomous or independent political units, often leadership vested in one of the older family members |
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| Mechanisims by which behavior is constrained and directed into acceptable channels, thus maintaining conformity |
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| The effects of religion on maintaining the institutions of society as a whole by instilling common values, creating solidarity, controlling behavior, and so forth |
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| Formal institutions that cut across communities and serve to unite geographically scattered groups; may be based on kin groups or on non-kin based groups |
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| Society with marked and largely or partly heritable diffrences in access to wealth, power, and prestige; inequality is based mainly on unequal access to productive and valued resources |
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| A dependent subgroup within a larger nationality that lacks the concept of a separate homeland and makes no claim to any inherent right to political autonomy and self-determination |
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| A form of communal cult in which all members of kin group have mystical relationship with one or more natural objects |
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| Members of an ethnic community living outside their country of origin |
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| The attept to enlist the aid of supernatural powers by intentionally seeking a dream or vision |
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| The use of psychic powers to harm others by supernatural means |
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| Cults in which the members of group cooperate to perform ritual intended to benefit all |
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| Autonomous political units consisting of several extended families that live together for most of all of the year. |
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| Highly organized cults in which a full time preiesthood performs rituals believed to benefit believers or the hole society, usually in large buildings dedicated to religious purpose or deities; found in complex societies |
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