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| the study of human society |
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| Charles Darwin's key beliefs were... |
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1. life is a struggle for existence
2. humans evolved from primate family
3. humans are integral part of natural world |
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| Herbert Spencer combined... |
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| natural science & sociology (social darwinism) |
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| What was symbolized by the Crystal Palace? |
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| Great Exhibition of 1851 (showed inventions & spread ideas) |
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| Friedrih Nietzche desired... |
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| spiritual & intellectual freedom |
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| w/ the help of Fredrich Engels, Communist Manifesto states... |
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| humans must destroy gov't & personal property |
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| Friedrich Nietzche attacked... |
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| The roots of W. civilization are... |
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| Greco-Roman & Judeo-Christian |
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| The women's movement grew out of... |
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| the abolitionist movement |
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| the two main figures in the women's movement were... |
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| Lucretia Mott & Elizabeth Cady Stanton |
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| Which document was based on the Declaration of Independence? |
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| Declaration of Rights & Sentiments (women) |
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| What is the most important in Realism? |
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| What is the purpose of Realism? |
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| show life as it actually is |
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| Who were often the subject of Realism? |
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| Realism lit. was influenced by... |
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1. rising literacy of the middle class
2. spread of journalism |
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| Camera Obscura (dark room) |
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| Balzac wrote...and was from... |
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| The Human Comedy (based on Divine Comedy)... France |
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| Flaubert wrote... and was from... |
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| Madame Bovary (shows dangers of Romanticism)... France |
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| What was so popular about Charles Dickens?... and he was from... |
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1. partially autobiographical works
2. serialized... England |
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| Thackery hated... wrote... which alludes to... and is about... and was from... |
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| materialism... Vanity Fair... Pilgrim's Progress... about Victorian smugness w/ material "progress"... England |
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| Mark Twain wrote... and was from... |
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| salvation only came from suffering |
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| The purpose of Naturalism is... |
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1. to show how people are limited by their environment
2. religion, class, ethnicity, gender, & race
3. shows limits of free will |
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| Naturalism is influenced by... |
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1. Social Darwinism
2. Realism (subjects talso lower class) |
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| (Naturalism) "Sister Carrie" |
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| (Naturalism) "Maggie: A Girl of the Streets" |
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| The purpose of Symbolism was... |
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| to capture only images of life, not everything |
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| Symbolism is influenced by... |
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| Baudelaire wrote... which showed... he influenced... |
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"Les fleurs du Mals"... 1. the reality of urban life
2. beauty in ugliness of modern life... Manet |
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| Niepce learns... him & his son worked with... |
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| how to make image permanent (1st photograph 1826)... Daguerre |
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| Daguerre & Niepce invent... which causes... |
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| daguerrotype - on metal, no duplicates, one positive image, no negatives... portraits to become popular |
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| calotype - negative/positive process |
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| Muybridge is the 1st to... |
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| photograph movement (horse race, bet) |
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| Eastmen invents... which is important because... |
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| the kodak camera... available to the public |
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| Impressionism is influenced by... |
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1. Japanese wood block prints
2. Realism
3. photography
4. industry in city (don't turn back on it) |
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| Millet... was part of which movement... |
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REALISM
1. Barbazon school artist
2. peasants working w/ soil
3. natural light
4. Gleaners (women pick up left behind pieces of harvest) |
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| Corot.. was part of which movement... |
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REALISM
1. classical
2. paints outdoors
3. real things, real light, truthful |
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| Daubigny... was part of which movement... |
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REALISM
1. reflection of light off water
2. forerunner of Impressionism
3. uses unblended images |
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| Courbet... was part of which movement... |
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REALISM
1. true leader of Realism
2. Direct visual experience
3. Natural color, neobaroque |
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1. natural sunlight
2. paint what you see
3. less detailed
4. painterly close brush strokes
5. no drawing |
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| Realism subject matter... |
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1. peasants (not history or imagination)
2. against industry
3. common life
4. landscapes |
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1. optical mixing
2. natural color and sunlight
3. loose brushwork
4. vibrant bright colors
5. no strong emotion or drama |
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| Describe Edouard Manet's individual style |
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1. middle class infulence
2. pure painting |
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| Describe Claude Monet's style |
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1. optical mixing
2. leader of impressionate style
3. interested in natural sunlight and landscape |
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| Describe Pierre Auguste Renoir's style |
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1. painting with monet
2. LOVES the figure
3. more delicate brush style |
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| Describe Berthe Morisot's style |
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| IMPRESSIONISM paints middle class women and housewives |
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| Describe Edgar Degas's style SLUT.. |
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1. likes drawing
2. indoor theatrical lighting, NO natural sunlight
3. subject = the ballet |
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| Describe Camille Pissarro's style HO |
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1. more sense of depth
2. experimental, contrasting colors |
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| Describe Mary Cassatt's Style... |
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1. Subject mother and child
2. brings impressionism to U.S.
3. paints in Paris |
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| Describe James Abbott Mcneill Whistler style.. |
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1. philosophy : art for artsake
2. usa to london |
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| Post-Impressionism style includes.. |
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| a more individual movement, artist go in their own direction |
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| Post-impressionism infulences |
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| still influenced by Jap. Block Painting and photography |
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| Post-Impressionism subject matter.. |
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| to choose something out of impressionism, to build their own |
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| Describe how Paul Cezanne changed impressionism.. poop face |
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1. all forms of nature based on a cone, sphere, or cylinder
2. underlying geometry to nature
3. adds structure |
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| Descrive how George Seurat changed impressionism.. loser |
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1. art should be based on a system
2. to be neo-impressionism
3. based on optical mixing called, POINTILISM |
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| Describe how Vincent Van Gogh changed Impressionism.. |
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| added emotion w/... 1. brush strokes 2. contrasting color 3. distorted perspective |
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| Describe how Paul Gauguin changed impressionism... |
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1. adds religious symbolism
2. unnatural color |
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| Describe how Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec changed Impressionism.. |
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1. he created posters for commercial use ( 1st time )
2. expert draftmen
3. expressive use of line |
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| Influences of Realism ART... |
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| 1. Barbazon school 2. rejection of Neo classicism & romanticism 3. history has no meaning, imagination is for dreamers |
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| Chopin wrote... was interested in... combined... was rarely... |
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| piano music, waltzes, nocturnes, & polonaises... interested in new musical form... German classicism, Italian bel canto, Polish folk music... dramatic |
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| Franz Liszt was... the 1st person to... wrote... |
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| most brilliant pianist of the late 19th c.... use the term recital... Hungarian Rhapsodies, symphonies Dante & Faust |
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| Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky was the... his music was filled w/... wrote... his orchestral pieces were... |
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| greatest Russian composer... Russian folk music... ballets: nutcracker & sleeping beauty... Romeo & Juliet, 1812 overture |
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| Brahms wrote... his tone color was... sometimes called... |
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| 1 orchestral work... Double Concerto for violin & cello... rich, dark... last classical composer |
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| Wagner used... called his operas... wrote... |
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| leitmotivs: important character, objects, places & ideas that have musical motive... "music dramas" because the action is continuous... Ring of Nebelung |
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| What were the changes from before Impressionism to during Impressionism????? MUSIC |
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| 1. systems govern pitch vs. no system to govern pitch 2. organized on central tone vs. relationships unique to each piece 3. builds on listener's expectations vs. does not rely on listeners expectations 4. great demands are made of listener vs. great demands are made of listener |
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| Mahler wrote... his music reflects... |
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| programmatic music... search for life's meaning |
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| Debussy created... wrote... which he described as... |
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| pictorial images... "La Mer" (the sea)... 3 harmonic sketches |
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IMPRESSIONISM MUSIC
the teaching of George Gershwin & Haron Copland |
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| The Rite of Spring (for the Ballet Russes), the premier caused a riot |
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1. mom from Spain
2. painted idealized picture of Spaine
3. part of "Society of Outcasts" (progressive musicians) |
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