Term
| Who is the leading figure of the N. Ren. ? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are two of Erasmus' essential beliefs ? |
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Definition
1. scholars shouldn't stay cooped up in monasteries
2. do the right thing b/c of ethics, not fear of punishment |
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Term
| What were two of Erasmus' key actions ? |
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Definition
1. 1st important Euro to use printing press
2. translation of New Testament in Latin |
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Term
| Five major factors that lead Germany to be the 1st N. country to accept Ren. ideas are... |
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Definition
1. demand for more schools & universities
2. long term peace
3. stable gov't
4. trade w/ italy
5. rising middle class |
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Term
| What were Luther's 3 main beliefs ? |
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Definition
1. everyone should read scripture
2. only god can forgive sin (not indulgences)
3. men are evil from birth (caused end of N. Ren. because it's against humanism) |
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Term
| What are John Calvin's 2 main beliefs ? |
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Definition
1. predestination
2. purify Church of ornamentation |
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Term
| What key action of Calvin's affected the N. Ren. ? |
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Definition
| sends active missionaries to reform church |
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Term
| What invention helped spread Ren. ideas in the N. ? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the main reason England broke with Catholicism ? |
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Definition
| Henry VIII wanted to get a divorce |
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Term
| What group's increased #'s brought the Ren. to the N. ? |
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Definition
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Term
| What country invaded centuries earlier, by what group, & how did this occupation affect the Ren. in this country ? |
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Definition
| Moors invaded Spain which lead to the Spanish Inquisition therefore they're too busy for Ren. |
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Term
| How did Ren. ideas come to France ? |
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Definition
| they imported ideas from Italy & got artists like Leonardo DaVinci to come to their Royal Academies of Art |
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Term
| 4 major results of the Counter-Reformation are... |
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Definition
1. Council of Trent
2. Jesuits founded
3. Holy Office of the Roman Inquisition
4. Peace of Westphalia |
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Term
| Who is the key literary figure of the English Ren. ? |
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Definition
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Term
| What types of literature did Shakespeare write ? |
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Definition
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Term
| What groups did Shakespeare write for ? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where were most of Shakespeare's works performed ? |
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Definition
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Term
| Art in N. Europe developed more slowly b/c it lacked the... |
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Definition
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Term
| N. artists like Jan Van Eyck were concerned w/ capturing... |
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Definition
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Term
| What sin were the Inquisitions interested in ? |
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Definition
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Term
| Albrecht Durer is considered the Leo of the N. b/c he studied in... |
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Definition
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Term
| Grunewald & Bosch both use spiritual approach like the... |
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Definition
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Term
| Hans Holbein worked at the court of... |
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Definition
| Henry VIII in England painting portraits |
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Term
| Bruegel painted peasant scenes that often included a... |
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Definition
| social commentary or message |
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Term
| artists of the Netherlands traditionally painted... |
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Definition
| secular or non-religious subjects |
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Term
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Definition
| using observation & experience to gain the truth, concept created by Francis Bacon |
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Term
| Newton is best known for... |
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Definition
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Term
| What statement did Rene Descartes make about his existence ? |
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Definition
| "I think, therefore i am" |
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Term
| What three scientists tried to help the Catholic Church prove the existence of God through structure of the universe, & how did they advance science ? |
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Definition
1. Copernicus > heliocentric = sun, not earth is center of the universe
2. Johann Kepler > elliptical orbits = plantets travel in ellipses
3. Galileo Galilei > telescope helped him prove Copernicus' theory |
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Term
| What political philosophy develops during the Baroque Era ? |
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Definition
| Absolutism which means a single monarch |
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Term
| What Spanish author is considered the 1st modern Euro. novelist ? |
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Definition
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Term
| What novel did Miguel Cervantes write ? |
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Definition
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Term
| What makes Don Quixote a novel ? |
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Definition
| the characters change & grow psychologically |
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Term
| What elements do Baroque writers, especially Metaphysical poets, combine ? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does the Baroque style of art begin ? |
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Definition
| Rome b/c the Pope wants to make it the most beautiful city in the Christian world |
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Term
| What elements did Caravaggio combine to create this style ? |
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Definition
| dramatic lighting & realism |
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Term
| the most powerful sculptor of the Baroque was... |
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Definition
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Term
| The patrons of the Baroque style include the... |
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Definition
| court, church, & middle class |
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Term
| Diego Velasquez painted for the... |
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Definition
| spanish court & used a painterly style |
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Term
| The subject matter of the Baroque style includes... |
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Definition
| portraits, religion, still life, landscapes |
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Term
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Definition
| Paris had become the center of the art world |
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Term
| Rembrandt uses extreme dramatic lighting in his portraits &... |
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Definition
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Term
| French Baroque Classicm combines the... |
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Definition
| realism of the High Ren. w/ the dramatic lighting of the Baroque |
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Term
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Definition
| portraits b/c he lives in England |
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Term
| Seven new characteristics of music in the Baroque period are... |
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Definition
1. dissonance (chords that clash & then resolve)
2. taste for drama & contrast
3. instruments to accompany w/ separate instrumental lines (not doubled like Ren.)
4. music written for specific instruments
5. instrumental music = to vocal importance
6. terraced dynamics (no gradual changes in volume, stepped from one to another)
7. polyphonic |
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Term
| What group of instruments is central to the Baroque orchestra ? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of music is Bach best known for ? |
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Definition
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Term
| instrument considered the aristocrat of the Baroque orchestra is... |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of music was Handle best known for ? |
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Definition
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Term
| two other Baroque composers... |
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Definition
1. Vivaldi (Italian, Concerto Grosso)
2. Purcell (English, operas) |
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Term
| Handel's most famous oratorio is... |
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Definition
| Messiah (biblical text, shocking b/c it was in a public theater) |
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Term
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Definition
| flight or to flee, polyphonic composition based on one main theme w/ different voices imitating theme, written for groups |
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Term
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Definition
| opposition of two groups, "to contend w/ or vie w/", small group of instruments pitted against larger group |
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Term
| 4 ways to vary the fugue subject are... |
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Definition
1. Retrograde (begin w/ last note & play backwards to 1st)
2. Augmentation (lengthening original note values)
3. Inversion (turning subject upside down)
4. Diminution (shorten note values) |
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Term
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Definition
| a vocal work w/ instrumental accompaniment, often based on biblical story, in public theater, 4 main parts = 1. recitative 2. aria 3. chorus 4. instrumental pieces |
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Term
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Definition
| narrates many ideas in shortspan, single melodic line |
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Term
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Definition
| single singer w/ emotion, elaborate melody |
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Term
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Definition
| separate, independent piece that is part of a larger composition |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| group of nobles, poets & composers > started opera |
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Term
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Definition
| has a light floaty voice that is charming & graceful |
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Term
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Definition
| the heroic & powerful male role |
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Term
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Definition
| a highly paid opera star that's castrated |
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Term
| what was the purpose of making Versailles elaborate ? |
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Definition
| to keep nobles away from Paris & reinforce Louis XIV's absolute power... kept nobles poor spending to live up to the elaborateness |
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Term
| Louis XIV had nobles live at Versailles b/c... |
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Definition
| he didn't want them to try to take over like they tried when he was 11 |
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Term
| What was life like at Versailles ? |
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Definition
| court life, re-enacted naval battles, numerous affairs, operas & play acting, numerous festivals called fetes |
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Term
| What was Louis XIV's favorite role to dance ? |
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Definition
| Apollo, the sun king in the Royal Ballet of Night |
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Term
| who wrote, among other types of drama, comedy during Louis XIV ? |
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Definition
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Term
| The Rococo style begins in... |
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Definition
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Term
| The patrons of the Rococo art were... |
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Definition
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Term
| Rococo subject matter included... |
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Definition
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Term
| The Rococo style was light, delicate,... |
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Definition
| decorative... & emphasized emotion |
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Term
| The Rococo style was a turn away from... |
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Definition
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