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Humanities Terms of Evil #11
Various terms for Humanities CLEP test, all made of evil
50
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Undergraduate 1
02/09/2011

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Term
Inherit the Wind
Definition
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a play by Jerome Lawrence and Robert Edwin Lee. The play, which debuted in 1955, is a parable that fictionalizes the 1925 Scopes "Monkey" Trial as a means to discuss the then-contemporary McCarthy trials.
Term

Jerome Lawrence

(July 14, 1915 - February 29, 2004)

Definition

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an American playwright and author. His notable works include Auntie Mame and Inherit the Wind.

Term
Hedda Gabler
Definition

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a play first published in 1890 by Norwegian playwright Henrik Ibsen. The play has gained recognition as a classic of realism, nineteenth century theatre, and world drama.

The character of Hedda is considered by some critics as one of the great dramatic roles in theatre. Depending on the interpretation, Hedda may be portrayed as an idealistic heroine fighting society, a victim of circumstance, a prototypical feminist, or a manipulative villain.

Term
Trifles
Definition
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a one-act play by Susan Glaspell that is an example of early feminist drama.
Term

Susan Keating Glaspell

(1 July 1876 – 27 July 1948)

Definition

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an American Pulitzer Prize-winning playwright, actress, director, and bestselling novelist. Her novels and plays are committed to developing deep, sympathetic characters, to understanding 'life' in its complexity. Though realism was the medium of her fiction, she was also greatly interested in philosophy and religion. Many of her characters make principled stands.

Term
pediment
Definition
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a classical architectural element consisting of the triangular section found above the entablature, typically supported by columns. The gable end of the pediment is surrounded by the cornice moulding. The tympanum, or triangular area within the pediment, was often decorated with sculptures and reliefs demonstrating scenes of Greek and Roman mythology or allegorical figures.
Term
blues scale
Definition

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a scale used in the blues generally consisting of tonic, major second, minor third, fourth, fifth, major sixth and minor seventh, in which notes, particularly the third, fourth and fifth may be bent.

Term
 ostinato
Definition

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a motif or phrase which is persistently repeated in the same musical voice. An ostinato is always a succession of equal sounds, wherein each note always has the same weight or stress. The repeating idea may be a rhythmic pattern, part of a tune, or a complete melody in itself.

Term
riff
Definition

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an ostinato figure: a repeated chord progression, pattern, refrain or melodic figure, often played by the rhythm section instruments or solo instrument, that forms the basis or accompaniment of a musical composition.

Term

Zoltán Kodály

(December 16, 1882 – March 6, 1967)

Definition
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a Hungarian composer, ethnomusicologist, educator, linguist, and philosopher. One of the first people to undertake the serious study of folk tales, Kodály became one of the most significant early figures in the field of ethnomusicology. Kodály was also very interested in the problems of music education, and he wrote a large amount of material on music education methods as well as composing a large amount of music for children.
Term
Ethnomusicology
Definition
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the study of social and cultural aspects of music and dance in local and global contexts.
Term
Carabo-Cone Method
Definition
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an early-childhood approach sometimes referred to as the Sensory-Motor Approach to Music which was developed by the violinist Madeleine Carabo-Cone. This approach involves using props, costumes, and toys for children to learn basic musical concepts of staff, note duration, and the piano keyboard. The concrete environment of the specially planned classroom allows the child to learn the fundamentals of music by exploring through touch.
Term

Suzuki methodとか

スズキ・メソード

Definition

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an educational philosophy which strives to create high ability and beautiful character in its students through a nurturing environment. Its primary vehicle for achieving this is music education on a specific instrument. The 'nurture' involved in the movement is modeled on a concept of early childhood education that focuses on factors which Shinichi Suzuki observed in native language acquisition.

Term
Orff Schulwerk
Definition

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an approach to music education created by a prominent German composer. It begins with a student's innate abilities to engage in rudimentary forms of music, using basic rhythms and melodies. Orff considers the whole body a percussive instrument and students are led to develop their music abilities in a way that parallels the development of Western music, fostering student self-discovery.

Term
Dalcroze method
Definition
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a method for learning music developed in the early 20th century by Swiss musician and educator Émile Jaques-Dalcroze. The method is divided into three fundamental concepts - the use of solfege, improvisation, and eurhythmics. Sometimes referred to as "rhythmic gymnastics", eurhythmics teaches concepts of rhythm, structure, and musical expression using movement. It focuses on allowing the student to gain physical awareness and experience of music through training that takes place through all of the senses, particularly kinesthetic. According to this method, music is the fundamental language of the human brain.
Term
Gordon Music Learning Theory
Definition

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a method based on an extensive body of research and field testing by Edwin E. Gordon and others. Music Learning Theory provides the music teacher a comprehensive method for teaching musicianship through audiation, Gordon's term for hearing music in the mind with understanding.

Term

The Palace of Westminster

or the Houses of Parliament

or Westminster Palace

Definition

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the meeting place of the two houses of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

Term
Twelve Angry Men
Definition
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a courthouse drama play by Reginald Rose adapted from his 1954 teleplay of the same title. In the story, a boy's life is at stake in the hands of the jury, which is forced to reconsider its nearly unanimous decision by the single dissenter who sows a seed of reasonable doubt.
Term

Reginald Rose

(December 10, 1920 – April 19, 2002)

Definition

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an American film and television writer most widely known for his work in the early years of television drama. Rose's work is marked by its treatment of controversial social and political issues. His realistic approach helped create the slice-of-life school of television drama.

Term

The Song of Roland

ou La Chanson de Roland

Definition

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the oldest surviving major work of French literature. It exists in various different manuscript versions which testify to its enormous and enduring popularity in the 12th to 14th centuries. The epic poem is the first and most outstanding example of the chanson de geste, a literary form that flourished between the eleventh and fifteenth centuries and celebrated the legendary deeds of a hero.

Term
one pattern
Definition

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often used in very fast 2/4, 3/4 and 3/8 time signatures. It appears as a series of downbeats with a single rebound as shown in the accompanying diagram.

Term
two pattern
Definition

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designed to produce a heavy accent on the first beat of the bar and a lighter one on the second.  It is used in both 2/4 and 6/8 meters. 

Term
three pattern
Definition

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used in ¾, 3/2, slow 3/8 and fast 9/8 meters.

Term
four pattern
Definition

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used most often in 4/4, 4/2 and fast 12/8 meters.

Term
whole tone scale
Definition

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a scale in which each note is separated from its neighbors by the interval of a whole step.

Term
Emma
Definition
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a novel by Jane Austen about the perils of misconstrued romance. As in her other novels, Austen explores the concerns and difficulties of genteel women living in Georgian-Regency England; she also creates a lively 'comedy of manners' among her characters.
Term
"The Outcasts of Poker Flat"
Definition
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a short story written by renowned author of the American West Bret Harte. This story is a good example of regionalism and local color during the Gilded Generation. 
Term

Georges Braque

(13 May 1882 – 31 August 1963)

Definition

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a major 20th century French painter and sculptor who, along with Pablo Picasso, developed the art movement known as Cubism.

Term
Metaphysics
Definition

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a branch of philosophy concerned with explaining the fundamental nature of being and the world. Traditionally, metaphysics attempts to answer two basic questions in the broadest possible terms: "What is there?" and "What is it like?"

Term

Aristophanes

(ca. 446 BC – ca. 386 BC)

Definition

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a prolific and much acclaimed comic playwright of ancient Athens. Eleven of his forty plays survive virtually complete. These, together with fragments of some of his other plays, provide the only real examples of a genre of comic drama known as Old Comedy, and they are in fact used to define the genre. Also known as the Father of Comedy and the Prince of Ancient Comedy, Aristophanes has been said to recreate the life of ancient Athens more convincingly than any other author.

Term
ambulatory
Definition

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the covered passage around a cloister.

Term
cloister
Definition

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a rectangular open space surrounded by covered walks or open galleries, with open arcades on the inner side, running along the walls of buildings and forming a quadrangle or garth. The attachment of a cloister to a cathedral or church usually indicates that it is part of a monastic foundation.

Term

Francesco Borromini

(25 September 1599 – 3 August 1667)

Definition
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an architect who was a leading figure in the emergence of Roman Baroque architecture. Borromini developed an inventive and distinctive, if somewhat idiosyncratic, architecture employing manipulations of Classical architectural forms, geometrical rationales in his plans and symbolic meanings in his buildings. He appears to have been a self-taught scholar, amassing a large library by the end of his life.
Term

William "Count" Basie

(August 21, 1904 – April 26, 1984)

Definition

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an American jazz pianist, organist, bandleader, and composer. Basie led his jazz orchestra almost continuously for nearly 50 years. Many notable musicians came to prominence under his direction. Basie's theme songs were "One O'Clock Jump" and "April In Paris."

Term
Comping
Definition

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an abbreviation of accompanying; this term is used in jazz music to describe the chords, rhythms, and countermelodies that keyboard players or guitar players use to support a jazz musician's improvised solo or melody lines.

Term

Stanley Getz

(February 2, 1927 – June 6, 1991)

Definition

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an American jazz saxophone player. Getz was known as "The Sound" because of his warm, lyrical tone.

Term

James Macpherson

(27 October 1736 – 17 February 1796) 

Definition

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a Romantic Scottish writer, poet, literary collector and politician, known as the "translator" of the Ossian cycle of poems, which helped start the Celtic Revival. Some of his poems include "Fingal" and "Temora."

Term

Philip Milton Roth

(March 19, 1933)

Definition

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an American Ethnic novelist. He gained fame with the 1959 novella Goodbye, Columbus, an irreverent and humorous portrait of Jewish-American life that earned him a National Book Award. In 1969 he became a major celebrity with the publication of the controversial Portnoy's Complaint, the humorous psychoanalytical monologue of "a lust-ridden, mother-addicted young Jewish bachelor," filled with "intimate, shameful detail, and coarse, abusive language."

Term
Goodbye, Columbus
Definition

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the first book published by the American novelist Philip Roth, a collection of six stories. In addition to its title novella, set in New Jersey, Goodbye, Columbus contains the five short stories "The Conversion of the Jews," "Defender of the Faith," "Epstein," "You Can't Tell a Man by the Song He Sings," and "Eli, the Fanatic." Each story deals with the problems and concerns of second- and third-generation assimilated American Jews as they leave the ethnic ghettos of their parents and grandparents and go on to college, the white-collar professions, and life in the suburbs.

Term

Louis Daniel Armstrong

(August 4, 1901 – July 6, 1971)

Definition

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an American jazz trumpeter and singer from New Orleans, Louisiana. Coming to prominence in the 1920s as an "inventive" cornet and trumpet player, Armstrong was a foundational influence in jazz, shifting the music's focus from collective improvisation to solo performance.

With his instantly recognizable deep and distinctive gravelly voice, Armstrong was also an influential singer, demonstrating great dexterity as an improviser, bending the lyrics and melody of a song for expressive purposes. He was also greatly skilled at scat singing, vocalizing using sounds and syllables instead of actual lyrics.

Term

The New Tenant

ou Le Nouveau Locataire

Definition

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a play written by Eugène Ionesco in 1955. The central image is common to many Ionesco plays: something, in this case furniture, accumulates on stage and overwhelms the characters. The main characters are a gentleman, a caretaker, and two movers. The caretaker talks as the gentleman, the "new tenant" of the title, directs the two movers who continuously bring in furniture.

Term
The Ox-Bow Incident
Definition

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a 1940 western novel by Walter Van Tilburg Clark, in which two drifters are drawn into a lynch mob to find and hang three men presumed to be rustlers and the killers of a local man.

Term

Walter Van Tilburg Clark

(August 3, 1909 — November 10, 1971)

Definition
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an American novelist, short story writer, and educator. He ranks as one of Nevada's most distinguished literary figures of the 20th century and is known primarily for his novels, his one volume of stories, as well as his uncollected short stories. As a writer, he taught himself to use the familiar materials of the western saga to explore the human psyche and to raise deep philosophical issues.
Term

Jasper Johns, Jr.

(born May 15, 1930)

Definition

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an American contemporary painter. He is best known for his painting Flag, which he painted after having a dream of the American flag. His work is often described as a Neo-Dadaist, as opposed to pop. Still, many compilations on pop art include Jasper Johns as a pop artist because of his artistic use of classical iconography.

Term
[image]
Definition
Target with Four Faces, a painting by Jasper Johns.
Term

Pieter Cornelis "Piet" Mondrian

( March 7, 1872 – February 1, 1944)

Definition

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a Dutch painter who was an important contributor to the De Stijl art movement and group, which was founded by Theo van Doesburg. He evolved a non-representational form which he termed Neo-Plasticism. This consisted of white ground, upon which was painted a grid of vertical and horizontal black lines and the three primary colors.

Term

De Stijl ("The Style")

or neoplasticism

Definition

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a Dutch artistic movement whose proponents sought to express a new utopian ideal of spiritual harmony and order. They advocated pure abstraction and universality by a reduction to the essentials of form and colour; they simplified visual compositions to the vertical and horizontal directions, and used only primary colors along with black and white.

Term

Donato Bramante

(1444 – March 11, 1514)

Definition

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an Italian architect, who introduced the Early Renaissance style to Milan and the High Renaissance style to Rome, where his most famous design was St. Peter's Basilica. Some of his other works include San Pietro in Montorio and Christ at the column.

Term

Franz Jozef Kline

(May 23 1910 – May 13 1962)

Definition

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an American painter mainly associated with the Abstract Expressionist movement centered around New York in the 1940s and 1950s. He was married to Elizabeth Vincent Parsons, a British ballet dancer.

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