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Humanities Final
Humanities Final Terms
45
English
Undergraduate 1
05/15/2010

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Term
Voltaire
Definition
Author of Candide
Term
skepticism
Definition
Descartes was a skeptic, can't believe that may/any things truly exist. Denial that human certainty is possible. Reaction to religious uncertainty after fall of church.
Term
rationalism
Definition
Belief that reason is more important than sense perceptions
Term
Empiricism
Definition
Sensory experience holds validity, Aristotle and Francis Bacon contribute to this
Term
Tabula Rasa
Definition
Mind begins as a blank slate, everything you know comes from experience
Term
Innate Ideas
Definition
Thought that we are born with some ideas already ingrained in our memory
Term
John Locke
Definition
Strong empiricist, believed no religion has direct connection to God because we can't directly experience him
Term
Deism
Definition
Belief in a God that is removed from the world and its reactions, sort of like a clockmaker
Term
Conventicles
Definition
Attempt to move back to house churches, sort of like a bible study
Term
Pietism
Definition
Emphasis on personal and spiritual devotion
Term
Pascal
Definition
Scientist who was an advocate for pietism
Term
Spener
Definition
Wrote about pious desires and how to get them, put an emphasis on reading scripture to train yourself to receive pious desires
Term
Wesley
Definition
wrote hymns, founded tradition of methodists that were methodical about their study of scripture
Term
Baroque
Definition
Aiming to convey a single emotion to the listeners, forcing them to interact with it
Term
Opera
Definition
Combined musical and theatrical elements
Term
Oratorio
Definition
sacred text set to music, famous oratorio is the messiah. Handel wrote many oratorios
Term
Fugue
Definition
Music centered around a certain theme and then layers the theme over itself, Bach was a master of the fugue
Term
Bach
Definition
Perfected the fugue, he was a church musician for a majority of his life
Term
Handel
Definition
wrote a lot of oratorio
Term
Glorious Revolution of 1688
Definition
Revolution in England, they peacefully overthrew their king because they did not want allegiance to the pope because King James was catholic
Term
Social Contract
Definition
idea that everyone in a society has agreed to certain ways things will be done and you won't overstep your boundaries
Term
Philosophes
Definition
Paine, Voltaire, etc. The people whose thinking lead to the french revolution.
Term
Historic Constitutionalism
Definition
Burke supports this, rather than starting anew with a constitution, you should make revisions to constitutions based on historical evidence
Term
National Assembly
Definition
supposed to be a combination of all levels of social status (nobility, clergy, commoners) but this did not work
Term
Reign of Terror
Definition
Robespierre killed many people saying they were against the revolution, instilled fear in the people
Term
Rococo
Definition
use of pastels in art, figures appear weightless. This came out of the grand baroque art (18th Century)
Term
Neoclassicism
Definition
going back to greek and roman ideas to express ideas like nationalism, courage, and sacrifice (18th century)
Term
Romanticism (Art)
Definition
Come out of neoclassicism, returning to emotional portrayal of scenes, uses nature to convey this (19th Century)
Term
Romanticism (Music)
Definition
Different than baroque music in its drama and emotion. Romantic music is more complex and shows many emotions
Term
Beethoven
Definition
used his own emotions to convey things through music. More concerned with development of an idea or melody rather than the idea or melody itself.
Term
Classic Period
Definition
woodwinds and brass are incorporated, influenced by enlightenment. Built on conflict and resolution
Term
Mozart
Definition
Great classical composer
Term
Haydn
Definition
Great classical composer
Term
Sonata form
Definition
Exposition, development, recapitulation
Term
programmatic music
Definition
Music with a story, goes through a progression
Term
novel
Definition
talks about everyday life
Term
entailment
Definition
the estate is entailed to the next male relative
Term
Evangelicalism
Definition
sharing the gospel, becomes christian tradition built around professing and sharing your faith
Term
Tradition (in relation to the enlightenment)
Definition
less emphasis is placed on tradition
Term
modernity
Definition
the belief that the best way to advance society is to look to the future and think for oneself
Term
Prejudice (in relation to the enlightenment)
Definition
if you have prejudice, you are able to discern between what is proper and what is improper
Term
Copernicus
Definition
Astronomer that made the heliocentric model for the universe
Term
Kepler
Definition
mathematician during scientific revolution
Term
Galileo
Definition
known as "father of science"
Term
Newton
Definition
advanced scientific revolution in his ideas about gravity
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