Term
| 2 reasons Virgil studied Homer's two great epics |
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Definition
1) To learn the nature and composition of epic poetry
2) To develop from this knowledge in his own artistic style and technique |
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Definition
| consciously competed with Homer when he wrote his epic, The Aeneid |
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| Virgil's epic written in hopes of composing the national epic of the Roman people |
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| Virgil is universal b/c he was born at a time when Rome-- |
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Definition
1) had overcome the provincialism of Greece and of itself
2) had not yet entered upon its long decline |
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| The times were right for Virgil's work because-- |
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Definition
1) A single city--Rome--had conquered the world
2) Rome had consolidated its own strength under a single government and ruler |
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| Homer belonged to an age of-- |
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Definition
1) heroes
2) easy contact w/ the gods
3) religion
4) poetry |
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Term
| Difference between Homeric epics and The Aeneid |
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Definition
Homeric epics--individualism
The Aeneid--organized society |
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| Hero (Virgil's Definition) |
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Definition
1) can decide a whole civilization
2) can unite past (Troy), present (Carthage), and future (Rome) in himself
3) is a hero b/c he can do this and no one else can |
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Term
| Aeneas is heroic because-- |
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Definition
1) he conquers himself, his humans passions, and his anxieties
--> 2) he renounces present happiness for a universal destiny |
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Definition
1) uneasy conscience
2) heroism
3) heroic resolve |
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| Why Vergil's hero is honorable |
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Definition
1) He accepts the necessity of sacrifice
2) he does not live just for himself
3) He feels deeply the painful price of the empire |
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Definition
1) the part Aeneas played in founding the Roman state
2) the way he embodies the most important Roman personal attributes (duty and responsibility) |
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Definition
| glorification of Rome and the destiny of the Roman people |
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Term
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Definition
1) a product of a settled, highly civilized society
2) composed in writing
3) intended to be read by an audience of literate, civilized people
DIDACTIC purpose |
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Definition
1) has a serious theme
2) narrated on a grand scale
3) intended to heighten a) understanding of human nature and b) meaning of life |
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Definition
| intended PRIMARILY to provide 1) diversion and 2) entertainment |
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Definition
First 6 books patterned after The Odyssey
Last 6 books patterned after The Iliad |
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| Aeneas is not meant to be a Trojan hero, but a-- |
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Definition
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| enemies of the Romans and Italian resistance to Roman civilization |
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Definition
| enemies of the Romans and Italian resistance to Roman civilization |
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Definition
| Romans and their destiny, Triumph of Rome, (Kills Turnus) victory of Rome over all her enemies |
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| Greek cities NEVER UNITED to form a state, but-- |
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Definition
1) co-existed
2) flourished and faded independently of one another and at different times |
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Term
| Semblance of unity among Greek cities based primarily upon common-- |
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Definition
1) LINGUISTIC TIES
2) RELIGIOUS BELIEFS AND PRACTICES |
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Definition
| a high square or rectangular central hall that was lighted through a large opening in the roof around which the other rooms were systematically arranged |
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Definition
| high base on which THE ETRUSCAN TEMPLE rested |
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Term
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Definition
most common type of Etruscan tomb
round in structure
partially excavated
covered w/ earth |
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Definition
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Term
| The main energies of Rome were devoted to |
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Definition
| CONQUEST and ADMINISTRATION for 500 years |
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Term
| THE ROMAN TEMPLE (such as the MAISON CARREE) |
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Definition
always possessed a certain orientation--a definite direction
1. DOMINATION OF A CLEARLY DEFINED SPACE
2. AXIALITY--ALIGNMENT ON A DEFINITE AXIS |
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Term
| 2 types of Roman dwellings |
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Definition
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Definition
| urban dwelling built around a courtyard |
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Definition
| city block of apartment houses |
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Term
| EAST SIDE of ARA PACIS - Altar of Augustan Peace |
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Definition
1) shows the HISTORICAL PAST OF ROME
2) links AUGUSTUS to ROMULUS AND REMUS
3) TELLUS FRIEZE--left of the door |
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Term
| WEST SIDE of ARA PACIS - Altar of Augustan Peace |
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Definition
1) shows the MYTHOLOGICAL PAST OF ROME
2) left of the door; a) Mars looking down on Romulus and Remus, b) boys are guarded by the She-Wolf
3) right of the door; a)Aeneas lands at Italy, b) he makes first sacrifice to gods of the country |
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Term
| NORTH SIDE of ARA PACIS - Altar of Augustan Peace |
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Definition
1) SENATORIAL PROCESSIONAL FRIEZE
2) show Roman partricians, descendants of Romulus, legendary founder of Rome |
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Term
| SOUTH SIDE of ARA PACIS - Altar of Augustan Peace |
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Definition
1) IMPERIAL PROCESSIONAL FRIEZE
2)shows members of royal Julian family--descendants of Augustus |
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Term
| FOUR CHARACTERISTICS of a ROMAN TEMPLE |
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Definition
1) raised base--podium
2) AXIALITY--one direction of approach
3) HEXASTYLE--6 Corinthian columns in front
4) PSEUDO-COLUMNADE - a)11 columns on the sides; b) 3 are free-standing |
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Definition
1) Semi-circular orchestra
2) orchestra was where famous people were seated
3) action took place on a raised stage |
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Definition
1) most famous for its sculptural friezes in the intrados
2) NORTH and SOUTH FRIEZES |
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Term
| the PRIMARY thing for the Romans |
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Definition
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Definition
almost 7' high and made of marble
1) based on GREEK work, the DORYPHORUS, SPEAR BEARER OF POLYCLITUS
2) stood on wall, DOMINATED space
3) standing rather than movign
4) dolphin w/ a cupid at his foot, indicating he was a descendant of Venus
5) AUGUSTUS is BAREFOOTED; only the GODS depicted BAREFOOTED
6) elaborate scenes on BREASTPLATE |
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Term
| SPRIAL FRIEZE OF TRAJAN'S COLUMN |
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Definition
1) the spiral frieze is a VISUAL NARRATION BLENDING HISTORY WITH MYTHOLOGY
2) commemorates TRAJAN'S victories in 2 DACIAN campaigns
3) has BASE
4) column diameter NARROWS
5) TRAJAN'S ASHES are in a chamber located at column base
6) white marble column put together in 17 SECTIONS
8) surface covered by SPIRAL BAND winding from bottom to top in 23 reveolutions
9) story of 2 DACIAN CAMPAIGNS unfolds in continuous strip
10) each new scene signaled by the appearance of TRAJAN |
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Term
| 4 SUCCESSIVE BUT OVERLAPPING STYLES OF WALL PAINTING |
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Definition
1) INCRUSTATION - oldest, closes wall
2) ARCHITECTURAL - opens up wall
3) ORNATE - closes wall
4) INTRICATE - opens wall |
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Term
| ARCH OF TITUS - SOUTH FRIEZE |
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Definition
1) shows triumphal procession celebrating FALL OF JERUSALEM - 71 A.D.
2) shows the 7 branched candalabra (menorah) and other captured sacred implements |
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Term
| ARCH OF TITUS - NORTH FRIEZE |
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Definition
1) shows slower and more dignified procession
2) shows Titus entering Rome to e crowned for his achievement |
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Term
| (Early Christian Architecture) - THE CATACOMBS |
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Definition
1) designed as cemeteries of burial of the Christian dead
2) used as places of concealment for fugitives dduring the period of persecution--evidence of this survives
3) used for the performance of the Christian mysteries
4) principal function of the catacombs was mortuary |
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Term
| architectural ingredients present in CHRISTIAN ARCHITECTURE |
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Definition
1) Atrium House
2) Catacomb Chapel
3) Roman Basilica |
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Term
| Early Christian Era - Period of Persecution |
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Definition
| 1st to 2nd centuries A.D. |
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Term
| STYLES OF CHRISTIAN CHURCHES |
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Definition
1) Rectangular Basilica Style
2) Round or Central Plan |
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Term
| PAPYRUS was replaced by-- |
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Definition
1) VELLUM--veal skin
2) PARCHMENT--lamb skin |
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Term
| 3 kinds of illumination (in early Christian and Byzantine art) |
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Definition
1) miniature pictures--sometimes in frames
2) decorative borders
3) decorated capital letters |
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Term
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Definition
3) Honorius died in 423 and the government was taken over by his half-sister, GALLA PLACIDIA (last Roman ruler)
5) in 493 it was chosen by THEODORIC (built Western style Christian church), the Goth's greatest king, to bee capital of his Ostrogothic kingdom |
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Term
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Definition
1) flat
2) decorative
3) abstract |
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Term
| Sant' Apollinare Nuovo - Theodoric |
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Definition
1) was the palace church of Theodoric; western style
2) Zones: a) top zone shows scenes from Christ's life, b) middle zone shows Old Testament prophets and patriarchs, c) lowest zone originally bore subjects of political or Arian character, but Justinian removed them after conquest of Ravenna and replaced them w/ processionals of 1) male saints on one side and 2) female saints on the other |
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Term
| Sant' Apollinare en Classe |
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Definition
| 1) Byzantine style reached full maturity here
2) style is seen in great apse mosaic
3) structure similar to Sant' Apollinare Nuovo |
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Term
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Definition
| Contains the individualized portrait groups of 1) Justinian and his Courtiers, 2) Theodora and her Retinue |
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Term
| Constantine recognizes Christianity (date) |
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Definition
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Term
| Fall of Rome to the Visigoths (date) |
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Definition
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Term
| End of the Western Roman Empire (date) |
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Definition
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