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218-202 BC
Hannibal (one of history's greatest generals) defeated Romans at Battle of Cannae in 212 B.C. by taking elephants across Alps to invade from north. |
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149-146 BC
Romans destroyed Carthage and captured Corinth |
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| What was Horace's famous quotation? |
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| "Conquered Greece conquered Rome" |
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| The legendary founding of Rome by Romulus and Remus (a humble story of proud people). It is year one for Roman dating. |
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Romans kicked Etruscans out of Rome and became republic.
side note-Romans learned their values from the Etruscans (toga, alphabet, architecture, military, etc.) |
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| What happened in 146 B.C.? |
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| End of Punic Wars. Carthage was destroyed and Corinth was captured. It showed the imporantance of understanding continuity of culture. |
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| What happened in 27 B.C.? |
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| Octavian declares himself Caeser Augustine, ending a long civil war. Rome becomes EMPIRE. This is a time of peace (Pax Romana) |
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| What epic did Virgil write? |
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| Aeneid. It expressed how Romans thought they were destined to rule the world. Written in 31 BC and used as clear Propaganda. |
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| How did the Greeks view of themselves differ from the Romans? |
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| Rome was imperialistic. Greeks were individualistic and thought they belonged to a city, not an empire. Romans were doers, Greeks were thinkers. America's history is similar to Rome. |
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| What were the Roman triumphal arches? |
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| a free-standing structure built to celebrate the victory in war or a ruler. Napoleon exploited these. |
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| How did Romans use practicality? |
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| They were interested in what works. It was logically corollary to imperialism and eclectism. They were doers and builders. |
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| How were the Romans eclectic? |
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| They absorbed Greek and other cultures. Example- the Colosseum whose three levels mix and matched ionic, dioric, and corinthian styles. |
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| Major Roman building projects that suggest their practicality |
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| Aqueducts, highways, basilicas (meeting place), and public baths |
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| How did Roman portraiture art differ from Greek? |
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| MUCH more realistic and very concerned with exactly how someone looked (naturalistic style). Finest artistic achievement. |
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| How did Roman portraiture art clash with the Jews? |
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| Jews believed in "no graven image" |
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| What was the "narrative sense" in Roman art? |
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| Romans began to tell stories in their art. They felt they had great stories to share, mostly war victories. Very sophisticated propaganda. |
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| The most famous example of narrative propaganda |
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| Trajan's column (A.D. 113) 200 yards of continuous story telling |
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| What is Roman "continuous style"? |
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| Multiple events in a temporal sequence depicted chronologically |
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| What Renasissance painting was influenced by Roman art? |
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| The Tribute Money c.1425 by Masaccio. It depicted Peter in three chronological stories. |
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| What was the third style of art Roman's utilized? |
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| Landscapes. They refer to depiction of material world and Roman practicality. The style survived into the Renaissance (known from remains of Pompeii) |
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| Why did Christianity grow so rapidly within the Roman Empire? |
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| power of the Holy Spirit and witness to resurrection |
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| Which British historian offers three explanations in "Pagan and Christian in an Age of Anxiety" for why Christianity grew so rapidly? |
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| What three explanations does E.R. Dodds offer for the growth of Christianity? |
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| The exclusiveness, the inclusiveness, and the other-worldliness |
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| What are some common motifs or symbols in Christian art and their meanings? |
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Boat- church,
Fish (Ichthus)- Christ,
Cross- work of Christ |
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| Conclusions about early Christian art |
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-Very basic and "crude"
-radically different from Roman art
-We can't trust our expectations
-Idealistic and symbolic |
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| In the ceiling painting from the Roman catacombs, what is the figure at the top of the painting? |
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| Jesus is typically depicted as |
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| Vines in Christian art represent |
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| John 15. In Greco-Roman painting, they would represent fertility. |
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| Catacomb paintings from Rome illustrate what dominant theme of early Christian art? |
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| Persecution and deliverance |
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| The phoenix was a symbol for what? |
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| Resurrection. Legend tells that a phoenix would burst into flame and rise again from it's ashes. |
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| What's the origin of the identification of the "forbidden fruit" as an apple? |
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| The Latin word "malum" is for apple and the Latin word "malus" is for evil.. the fact that these words are homonyms led to the belief the fruit was an apple |
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| Date of the Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus |
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| c. 359 AD..in the Vatican, Rome. |
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| What is happening in the center picture on the top row of the Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus? |
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| A youthful Jesus is pictured with Peter to His right and Paul to His left. Jesus has his foot on the head of Roman sky god caelus oratlas. |
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| A feature of earliest Christian art is the absence of... |
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| Bible stories that illustrate theme of persecution and deliverance |
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| Jonah, Fiery Furnace, Job, Daniel in the lion's den |
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| In early Christian art, Jesus continuously holds a... |
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| shephards rod and has a halo on his head. |
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| After Constantine, Jesus is finally depicted as |
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| universal ruler, the Pantrocrater |
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| The Andrews Diptych (made of ivory) depicts which 6 stories of Jesus? |
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| Feeding 5,000, raising of Lazarus, healing blind man, turning water into wine, healing paralyzed, and cleansing of a leper |
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| distributing weight equally |
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| What was Rome's most famous building? |
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| The Pantheon, dedicated to the worship of many gods. |
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| What is the most notable thing about the Pantheon? |
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| The oculus (latin: eye) which allows light to flow in and functions as a symbol of contact between divine and human realms |
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| The Epicureans (led by philosopher Epicurus) chief goal was |
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| pursuit of pleasure and avoidance of pain, but with moderation |
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| self-discipline and self-control. You cannot control fate or the world, but you can control yourself. |
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| What great Roman Emperor was a leading Stoic philosopher and what was his book called? |
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| Marcus Aurelius wrote "The Meditations" |
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| In what verse did Paul answer the Epicureans? |
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| In what verse did Paul answer the Stoics? |
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| Constantine legalized Christianity, Edict of Milan |
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| When was Julius Caeser killed |
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| When was Julius Caeser killed |
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| Marcos Arilles' (emperor) death marks end of peace |
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